Umiejętności z tego działu sprawdza 29 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026. Dział pojawia się w 24 z 54 arkuszy w bazie.
During exercise, oxygen delivery must meet increased demand in mammalian tissues. (a) Outline the molecular structure of haemoglobin. (b) Explain how the Bohr effect improves delivery of oxygen to tissues with a high respiration rate. (c) Describe features of…
Which cells have the developmental potential to generate both an embryo and its supporting extra-embryonic tissues? A. Stem cells restricted to replacing intestinal epithelium B. Cells from the earliest cleavage stages of an animal embryo C. Blood-forming stem…
A student compares a skeletal muscle fibre with a cardiac muscle cell. Which pair correctly gives a feature shared by both and a feature distinguishing them? A. Shared: contractile myofibrils; difference: the cardiac cell is usually branched B. Shared: one…
Which outcome is consistent with the developmental potential of an embryonic pluripotent stem cell? A. It can form only one already specialized blood-cell type B. It must make an entire placenta as well as every embryonic tissue C. It can generate many…
Suggest why pluripotent cells may be more useful here than a lineage-restricted multipotent cell population.
Type I and type II epithelial cells perform different roles in an alveolus. Which combination of structural adaptations supports these roles? A. Type I: a thick keratin layer; type II: no secretory organelles B. Type I: many motile cilia; type II: elongated…
Which pair of structures occurs in both mammalian cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle fibres? A. Chloroplasts and mitochondria B. Central vacuoles and cilia C. Cellulose walls and sarcomeres D. Sarcomeres and mitochondria
An individual cell separated from a two-cell mammalian embryo can still generate both the embryonic body and the supporting extraembryonic tissues. How is its developmental potential classified? A. Multipotent B. Totipotent C. Unipotent D. Pluripotent
Early embryonic cells receive different concentrations of signalling molecules according to their positions. Which outcome can these gradients direct? A. Immediate loss of all chromosomes B. Replication of only the mitochondrial genome C. Development of…
Which statement accurately describes stem-cell potential? A. An adult blood-forming stem cell is multipotent B. A two-cell-stage blastomere is restricted to blood cells C. Every adult skin stem cell is totipotent D. A pluripotent cell can form only one mature…
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