Umiejętności z tego działu sprawdza 16 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026. Dział pojawia się w 12 z 54 arkuszy w bazie.
A liver cell reduces the amount of a particular enzyme after it is no longer needed. Which process limits further synthesis by removing the existing message? A. A nuclease degrades the enzyme-coding mRNA B. A protease converts the promoter into a silencer C. A…
Reciprocal crosses between lions and tigers can produce different adult hybrid sizes. Which explanation attributes this difference to inherited epigenetic information? A. The larger hybrid must have twice as many chromosomes B. All paternal alleles are…
A multicellular organism uses inherited DNA information during development and reproduction. (a) Describe causes of base substitutions and their possible consequences. (b) Distinguish between mitotic and meiotic cell division in eukaryotes. (c) Explain how…
Identical twins differ in methyl-group attachment to amino-acid residues of proteins associated with one chromosome. Which interpretation best fits the observation? A. One twin has a different order of DNA bases at every gene B. Both twins must have identical…
Explain how methylation associated with nucleosomes can affect transcription.
A nuclease breaks down a particular mRNA molecule. What is the direct consequence? A. Its gene is removed from DNA B. Its ribosome becomes a lysosome C. Transcription of every gene stops D. That mRNA can no longer serve as an intact template for translation
In a model cell population, expression of gene K helps suppress uncontrolled division. The graph compares two promoter conditions. Which interpretation is best supported? A. Methylation increases DNA replication and therefore prevents tumours B. Methylation…
A child has three copies of chromosome 13. A schematic chromosome complement is shown; lengths indicate approximate relative chromosome sizes. (i) Describe how this trisomy could arise during gamete production. (ii) Suggest why an extra copy of one of the…
Two cells descended from the same fertilized egg develop different structures and functions. What principally explains their specialization? A. Each cell replaces all its chromosomes with unrelated DNA B. Different sets of genes are expressed during…
(a) Outline the chromosome changes during prophase I of meiosis. (b) Describe processes performed by enzymes that bind to DNA. (c) Explain how environmental conditions can affect DNA and its expression in living organisms.
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