Darmowe konto pozwoli wrócić do niego później.

Interviewer: Was there a stage when you wondered whether you'd made the right choice? Have you always been more drawn to the commercial rather than the academic?

Henry: No matter how much I might have wanted to go for the latter, there wasn't any contest for me really, because I didn't do well academically – I got rather poor A levels and I never went to university. So when I started to consider art as a career option, the commercial side was much more realistic for me. In the art world there's a fork in the road, quite early you have to decide that you either go one way or the other. Luckily, in my case I didn't need to spend sleepless nights weighing the options! I only had one.

Interviewer: So what was the turning point in choosing your career path?

Henry: It was definitely getting a job at Christie's. I was there from October 1974. Luckily, prior to this, I'd done the Sotheby's Fine Art course, which I mentioned earlier. It was obviously helpful, especially that I was taught by an incredibly charismatic figure who used a very non-standard, visual approach. It was really inspirational. But apart from that, I was relatively self-taught. I suppose you could say I was sort of an apprentice. I joined Christie's but I had to learn a lot as I went along. And not being much good at studying, I took a different approach, more hands-on, you would say. I used to go to the National Gallery or British Museum in my lunch hour. That was immensely helpful – visiting museums and developing my eye. I personally think that there's no substitute for looking – you can read all the books in the world, but art is there to be looked at. That's the only way to discover its secrets and learn to appreciate it.

Interviewer: Can you tell our listeners … (fade)

Text 2

Jo Swinson, a Member of Parliament, in an unprecedented move, decided to file a complaint concerning a series of new adverts made by a cosmetics company. She had had enough. In her opinion, the ads weren't representative of the results the product could achieve. Under pressure from Swinson, the series of ads will no longer be displayed in the UK. The ads featured Julia Roberts as the face of a cosmetics brand. We all know she's one of the top-earning actresses, however, the advertisers most presumably felt compelled to strongly "retouch" or "airbrush", as it's called, Roberts' photos. It was done so heavily that Jo Swinson filed a complaint and won. The company admitted retouching but denied that its adverts were misleading. However, it was affirmed by the competent watchdog authority in the UK that the images were exaggerated and that the company had breached its code of conduct.

Jo Swinson said that while some retouching may be acceptable, the adverts were particularly bad examples of deceitful advertising and could contribute to body image problems. Not so long ago, another well-known actress, Demi Moore, found herself having to defend the photo of herself on the cover of a fashion magazine. The airbrushing of Moore's photograph resulted in the actress looking as though she was missing a part of her hip. That looked horrible. Moore was bewildered with what she saw and said she hadn't seen the cover photograph before it went to press. If she had, she said she wouldn't have agreed to it, but she refrained from taking any legal action.

In articulating her complaint, Swinson said that retouching the images of models would contribute to an increase in the still rising number of young women suffering from eating disorders. She highlighted that more ethical standards should be adopted both by the industry and advertisers. Finally she encouraged individual consumers with the ultimate power of the purse to make it clear to cosmetic brands that Julia Roberts and Demi Moore do look "good enough" to us without airbrushing.

You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice.

Text 1

2.1. Henry's interest in auctioneering

A. triggered his passion for collecting things.

B. followed naturally from his parents' ambitions for him.

C. was sparked off by a course he attended.

D. became increasingly clear when he was a teenager.

2.2. Henry uses the phrase "a fork in the road" to refer to

A. the importance of an academic background in the art world.

B. the alternatives faced by people seeking a career in the art world.

C. the dual nature of commercial opportunities for art school graduates.

D. the significance of luck in getting into the art world.

2.3. Having joined Christie's, Henry

A. met an eccentric tutor who inspired him.

B. felt that getting an academic degree was his priority.

C. focused mainly on studying published sources to develop his expertise.

D. adopted a practical approach to broadening his knowledge.

Text 2

2.4. What is the end result of Jo Swinson's actions?

A. The company's ads with Julia Roberts were banned.

B. A specialist watchdog institution is about to look into the case.

C. The complaint filed against the company was dismissed as invalid.

D. Julia Roberts demanded compensation for the fact that her photos had been airbrushed.

2.5. Which is TRUE about Demi Moore's case?

A. The magazine printed the wrong photo by mistake.

B. The actress's body on the cover was clearly misshapen.

C. The lawyers representing the magazine made a deal with the actress.

D. The actress experienced body image problems as a result of the incident.

2.6. In the final part, the speaker

A. enumerates measures which Jo Swinson recommends should be taken.

B. advocates the need to back Jo Swinson's campaign.

C. questions the rationale behind Jo Swinson's complaint.

D. praises Jo Swinson for her contribution to the debate on body image problems.