Zadania wzorowane na pytaniach z tego arkusza: te same umiejętności, format i punktacja, inne dane i kontekst. Treści arkusza IB nie publikujemy.
W bazie 37 zadań z tego arkusza, razem 37 punktów, każde z kluczem i schematem punktowania. Najwięcej zadań sprawdza: Assembling glycerol-based lipids (2).
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Dodaj cały arkusz do zestawuA column of sap remains connected while being pulled through a tall tree. Which interaction between water molecules helps prevent this column from breaking? A. Covalent bonds formed between neighbouring water molecules B. Hydrogen bonds responsible for…
Analysis detects the following elements in two purified biological molecules. Which identification is consistent with both sets? Sample | Detected elements R | C, H, O, P S | C, H, O, N Assume each sample is one of the ordinary molecules listed. A. R: starch;…
When a DNA strand serves as a template, what determines which nucleotide is added opposite each base? A. The matching rules for complementary bases B. The number of histones around the chromosome C. The total length of the chromosome D. The direction in which…
A lipase preparation completely hydrolyses one molecule of a neutral storage fat containing three ester bonds. What is released? A. Three glycerol molecules and one fatty acid B. A glycerol molecule and three fatty acids C. Three amino acids and a phosphate…
Which comparison correctly connects glucose monomers to the architecture of the plant polymers they form? A. β-glucose forms the helical regions of starch; α-glucose forms straight cellulose chains B. α-glucose forms cellulose branches; β-glucose forms…
Which inference about protein organization is supported by the model? A. There is one uninterrupted peptide backbone B. Two polypeptides are connected by disulfide bridges C. Each chain consists of nucleotides D. Only hydrogen bonds connect the two chains
The diagram summarizes regulation of isoleucine synthesis. Which mechanism accounts for the return connection? A. Competitive inhibition at the substrate-binding site B. Positive feedback that accelerates product formation C. Allosteric inhibition in negative…
Which statement applies to an enzyme while it catalyses its reaction? A. It interacts with a substrate during the catalytic cycle B. It must be exported in a secretory vesicle before acting C. It permanently becomes part of the reaction product D. It increases…
A PCR protocol repeatedly heats DNA to separate its strands. Why can a heat-stable bacterial DNA polymerase remain useful through many cycles? A. It prevents the DNA strands from separating B. It replaces the need for a template strand C. It produces the…
Which pair consists of DNA regions that do not specify a polypeptide amino-acid sequence? A. A promoter and a telomeric repeat region B. Two alternative coding alleles of a pigment gene C. A protein-coding exon and a ribosome-binding peptide D. The coding…
Each change below affects one template-DNA triplet read from 3′ to 5′. Which change leaves the encoded amino acid unchanged? mRNA codons | Amino acid UUU, UUC | Phenylalanine UUA, UUG | Leucine AAA, AAG | Lysine AAC, AAU | Asparagine Change | Template DNA, 3′…
Which description fits a mature functioning sieve-tube element in an angiosperm? A. A dead hollow cell whose wall is heavily lignified B. A living cell containing cytoplasm but lacking a nucleus C. A cell filled mainly by many chloroplasts and a large nucleus…
An electrical-discharge experiment produces amino acids from a non-living mixture of simple chemicals. Which conclusion about early Earth does this type of result support? A. Modern cells spontaneously form whenever lightning occurs B. RNA must have originated…
What conclusion about sodium transport follows from this membrane model? A. Sodium leaves through the ATP-powered transporter and can return through a channel B. Sodium leaves by simple diffusion through lipid and returns by protein synthesis C. Every sodium…
A cultured embryonic stem-cell line can form cell types from all three germ layers but cannot by itself form an entire organism with extra-embryonic tissues. How is its developmental potential described? A. Terminally differentiated B. Multipotent within one…
Which description is supported by the membrane drawing? A. A peripheral protein found only on the cytoplasmic surface B. A soluble carbohydrate floating freely inside the cell C. A membrane-spanning glycoprotein that may participate in recognition D. A channel…
Which signal commonly activates a membrane receptor possessing tyrosine kinase activity? A. Insulin released after a carbohydrate-containing meal B. Adrenaline acting through its usual G-protein-coupled pathway C. A steroid entering a cell and binding an…
In a model cell population, expression of gene K helps suppress uncontrolled division. The graph compares two promoter conditions. Which interpretation is best supported? A. Methylation increases DNA replication and therefore prevents tumours B. Methylation…
What role do histone proteins play in a eukaryotic chromosome? A. They supply the catalytic centre of a ribosome B. They join amino acids during translation C. They form the spindle fibres that pull chromosomes apart D. They help package DNA into chromatin
A young shoot bends towards a light source on its left. Which auxin distribution contributes to that response? A. More auxin on the illuminated left side, producing faster growth there B. Equal auxin on both sides, with identical elongation C. More auxin on…
A climacteric fruit begins ripening and releases a gaseous signal that stimulates further release of the same signal. Which description fits this process? A. Ethylene-mediated positive feedback B. Auxin-mediated negative feedback that stops ripening C.…
Which statement follows from the branching pattern? A. M is necessarily morphologically identical to the ancestral organism B. Exactly one nucleotide differs between P and Q C. Q and R share a more recent common ancestor than N and P D. The horizontal…
Water evaporates from mesophyll cell walls while roots have an adequate water supply. Which process helps replace the lost water? A. Upward bulk flow through xylem driven by transpiration pull B. Permanent closure of every stoma before any water is lost C.…
The arrow at X represents outward bulk movement of fluid and small dissolved substances through the capillary wall. What drives this filtration? A. The absence of all dissolved substances from blood plasma B. A greater hydrostatic pressure within the capillary…
Local networks within the gut wall coordinate waves of smooth-muscle contraction even without conscious instructions. Which nervous-system component provides this local control? A. The retinal sensory network B. Motor pathways to skeletal muscle only C. The…
Which cell contributes directly to innate defence by engulfing invading bacteria? A. An antibody-secreting plasma cell B. A memory B lymphocyte C. A neutrophil D. An antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell
After body temperature rises above the regulated range, which response and feedback classification are appropriate? A. Negative feedback: increased skin blood flow promotes heat loss B. Positive feedback: shivering reduces heat production C. Negative feedback:…
In a model insect, females are XX and males XO. A normal-looking male carries a newly induced recessive allele on his X in the germ line. He mates with a female homozygous for the normal allele. F1 females then mate with normal XO males. In which listed group…
A beetle lineage colonizes an archipelago. Which explanation is consistent with the rise in species richness shown? A. Individuals stop competing, so population growth alone creates new species B. Different available niches favour divergence and adaptive…
A chromosome-doubled population of a flowering plant arises beside its diploid relatives. Which observation provides the strongest evidence of a new species? A. The doubled plants grow taller only when fertilizer is added B. One doubled plant reproduces by…
A bacterium grows using aerobic respiration when oxygen is present but can also generate ATP and grow when oxygen is absent. Which classification applies? A. Facultative anaerobe B. Obligate aerobe C. Obligate anaerobe D. Organism incapable of metabolism
Which feature can be shared by an animal with holozoic nutrition and a saprotrophic fungus? A. Both always ingest solid food into digestive cavities B. Both obtain all carbon by fixing carbon dioxide C. Both digest food exclusively within individual lysosomes…
Four model aquatic invertebrates feed on the same suspended food. Their preferred temperature ranges are shown. Which conclusions about this niche dimension are justified? Species | Preferred temperature / °C W | 14–17 X | 12–25 Y | 17–21 Z | 20–29 I. All four…
Which event is most clearly a density-independent cause of mortality in a small mammal population? A. Increased competition for burrows as numbers rise B. More rapid spread of infection at high density C. A sudden volcanic ash fall that buries the habitat D. A…
Roots of one plant release a compound that suppresses the growth of neighbouring plants of another species. What is this chemical interaction called? A. Allelopathy B. Cooperative hunting C. Obligate mutualism D. Parasitic ingestion
Which assumption is required when applying Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium to a model population? A. Strong selection favours heterozygotes every generation B. Individuals choose mates according to the studied genotype C. A continuing supply of new alleles enters…
Over many generations, farmers save seed only from squash plants with a preferred fruit shape. Which process best explains the resulting change in the crop? A. Individuals reshape their own genes because the trait is needed B. Humans preferentially reproduce…
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