Infer clades, common ancestors and relative relationships from rooted branching diagrams.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 13 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
An invented time-scaled tree compares ten related beetle species. (i) Identify the two species with the most recent divergence and give a reason. (ii) Suggest why comparing DNA base sequences can distinguish relationships that are missed by comparing amino…
Outline the meanings of root and node in a cladogram.
Biologists use inherited similarities and differences to investigate population change and relationships. (a) Describe how homologous structures provide evidence for evolution. (b) Outline the assumptions and use of Hardy–Weinberg calculations in a population…
Use the rooted cladogram to choose the deduction supported by its branching pattern. A. The lizard is more closely related to the perch than to the rabbit B. The salamander lacks lungs because it branches before the mammals C. The hare shares a more recent…
Identify whether X is more closely related to B or C, giving a reason.
Which statement follows from the branching pattern? A. M is necessarily morphologically identical to the ancestral organism B. Exactly one nucleotide differs between P and Q C. Q and R share a more recent common ancestor than N and P D. The horizontal…
A model evolutionary history of herbivorous mammals is shown. (i) Identify the taxon most closely related to living species C. (ii) State the type of evolution represented by the branching history.
Which conclusion follows from this cladogram of four hypothetical taxa? A. R and S share a more recent common ancestor than either shares with Q B. P is the living ancestor of every other taxon C. Q and R have no common ancestor D. Every branching interval…
(a) Outline translation of an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm. (b) Describe how homologous proteins can provide evidence about evolutionary relationships. (c) Explain how proteins bring about skeletal muscle contraction.
Which conclusion follows from the branching pattern? Branch lengths do not indicate elapsed time. A. K is necessarily the direct living ancestor of N B. L shares no common ancestor with N C. M and N must have identical DNA sequences D. M and N share a more…
Which set contains an ancestor and all of its descendants on this rooted tree? A. A and C, with their common ancestor B. B and D, with their common ancestor C. A and B, with their common ancestor D. C and D, with their common ancestor
Five species have the character states below. Assume each derived character arose once without subsequent loss. Which cladogram fits these data? Species | Trait 1 | Trait 2 | Trait 3 | Trait 4 | Trait 5 U | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent V |…
Evolutionary relationships can be investigated using populations, chromosomes and molecular evidence. (a) Outline how adaptive radiation provides evidence for evolution. (b) Describe polyploidy and its possible role in speciation. (c) Explain how a newly…
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