Compare gene or protein sequences and use the fewest required changes to evaluate alternative cladograms.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 14 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
An invented time-scaled tree compares ten related beetle species. (i) Identify the two species with the most recent divergence and give a reason. (ii) Suggest why comparing DNA base sequences can distinguish relationships that are missed by comparing amino…
Inherited information is encoded in DNA and expressed in phenotypes. (a) Draw a DNA segment containing two base pairs. Label its nucleotide components and the interactions between the bases. (b) Describe how whole-genome sequencing can be used to infer…
Deduce whether these data establish that Pan paniscus is more closely related to Gorilla gorilla than either is to humans.
Explain how comparing DNA can help construct a cladistic classification.
Discuss using protein amino-acid sequences to construct cladograms.
Identify another type of evidence suitable for constructing a cladogram.
Outline how parsimony is used to choose among candidate cladograms.
(a) Outline how fruit-fly crosses can investigate inheritance and what such experiments can reveal. (b) Describe methods used in cladistics and uses of the resulting evidence.
State how many aligned positions contain the same amino acid in both proteins.
Describe how an amino-acid sequence alignment can be obtained and used to compare proteins.
Outline how a computer-assisted method can compare the nucleotide sequences.
Outline how a computer-assisted method can compare the nucleotide sequences.
Evolutionary relationships can be investigated using populations, chromosomes and molecular evidence. (a) Outline how adaptive radiation provides evidence for evolution. (b) Describe polyploidy and its possible role in speciation. (c) Explain how a newly…
Sequence comparisons place a plant genus within a different evolutionary lineage from the one inferred using flower shape alone. Why might its family assignment be revised? A. All plants growing at one altitude must be in one family B. Every new DNA sample…
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