Zadanie 1a
Identify the most abundant dissolved carbon form within the shaded seawater interval.
- Materiał graficzny
Recording and interpreting biological data
Collect sufficient observations and measurements, process and present them appropriately, identify patterns and outliers, and distinguish accuracy, precision, reliability and validity.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 175 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Zadania sprawdzające tę umiejętność: 175 Otwórz w wyszukiwarce z filtrami
Zadanie 1b
State the relationship between the fractions of aqueous CO₂ and carbonate ions across the pH range shown.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Compare and contrast the responses of the crustose calcifying algae and the fleshy non-calcifying algae under the two treatments.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Compare and contrast mortality at the three times in the initially 20% and 60% infected groups.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
Draw a straight line of best fit on the graph.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
Estimate the chlorophyll concentration in the control at 12 hours.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Distinguish between the changes in cyanobacterial abundance in the control and in the treatment with clams at 8.2 mg L⁻¹ dissolved oxygen.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Compare and contrast filtration at the two oxygen concentrations over the course of the experiment.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Estimate the percentage of live clams in 1982 that belonged to species B.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
State whether the empty-shell sample collected in 2022 more closely resembles the 1982 or 2022 live sample, giving one reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1i
Compare and contrast the changes in mean density of species B and species C between the two survey years.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State how many birds in R were learners by day 6.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Compare and contrast the learner-count trends for L and R.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Calculate the percentage increase in learners in R from day 3 to day 6.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Estimate how many right-slider openings were made by birds in L during the first six days.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Using the data, suggest which trained group opened the dispenser more efficiently, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Determine the percentage of L + R learners with a proficiency index of 36 or below.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
(i) State the proficiency index of c7. (ii) Calculate the number of days c7 took to become a learner.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
Justify the conclusion that birds can discover the mechanism without a demonstrator, but learners exposed to demonstrators generally become more proficient.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Outline why relative volumes are more useful here than unadjusted cell volumes.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Compare and contrast how increasing the concentrations of K1 and K2 affects mean enzyme activity.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
Calculate the difference between the percentages of the two isotopes outside cells after 2 minutes of blending.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
(i) State the type of scale on the horizontal axis. (ii) Explain why it is useful for these data.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3c
Describe how the graph indicates consistency of the repeated measurements.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4a
Predict the percentage decolourization at a laccase concentration of 6.0 mg mL−1.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4b
Deduce what the overlapping error bars at 3.6 and 4.8 mg mL−1 suggest about the difference between these means.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4d
Suggest how the percentage decolourization could be measured.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4a
(i) State what the pairs of numbers in parentheses communicate. (ii) Calculate the percentage decrease in mean male hip extension from the youngest to the oldest group.
Zadanie 1c
Compare and contrast the age trends in length and summer body mass.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the year with the largest nest count for L.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Compare and contrast the annual nest-count changes for L and G.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
State which species has the highest percentage of definite vessel injuries among stranded animals.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
State the relationship between regional vessel abundance and injury proportion.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Outline why X is atypical.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Estimate a threshold angle for the diagnosed group, using either the lowest observed value from one method or the fitted Method A value at the lowest Method B value in that group. Identify the method used.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
(i) Distinguish standard deviation from standard error. (ii) Suggest why the C-fibre SD is not reported for animal10.
Zadanie 4c
Describe the trend in mandible length in the predator treatment.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Outline conclusions supported by the water-paper controls.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Compare and contrast the strike probabilities towards displaying and non-displaying prey.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
State the conditions producing the smallest mean number of look-ups.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1j
Using both bar charts, analyse how bird chatter affects behaviour after the alarm.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3d
Analyse the results shown in the graph.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
Identify the year with the largest mean tussock-grass biomass where mice were present.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Compare and contrast the mean biomasses of the two grass types in 2006, considering both mouse treatments.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Outline the apparent conflict between the volume experiment and the earlier biomass results.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
State the association between tussock-grass cover and bird visits.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1j
Describe the cover condition most favourable to mouse survival, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Describe the overall pattern in breeding-pair numbers across the three species.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
(i) Compare and contrast annual survival in species A and B across the 31 years. (ii) Suggest a reason why the species differ in survival.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
(i) State the year of greatest fishing effort. (ii) Describe the relationship between fishing effort and adult survival, using evidence from the record.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
A constructed experiment exposes young barley roots to cadmium ions. The chart shows mean mitotic indices with SD. (i) State the relationship between cadmium concentration and mitotic index. (ii) Suggest a consequence for the plant.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2b
Comment on how osmolarity affects light output.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Plant-tissue pieces are weighed before and after immersion in a range of solutions. Outline how these measurements can estimate tissue osmolarity.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
Outline the effect of extra carbon dioxide on growth of the red alga.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4a
Compare and contrast female behaviour when each male form is present.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4
A constructed survey compares social grooming in five bat species kept in separate groups under matched conditions. Social grooming is cleaning another individual’s coat. Compare and contrast grooming among the five species.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5a
A comparative model represents seventeen mammal species. State the relationship between the two masses.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7
Temperature is held constant while plants are tested at two light intensities. At 0.12% CO₂ under dim light, which change is supported as a way to increase photosynthesis by the results? A. Conclude that no environmental factor limits the rate B. Increase…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9a
Outline evidence that the gene transfer worked.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9b
Evaluate the evidence that the treatment was effective over eighteen months.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9b
Four small model digesters contain equal volumes of water and organic waste. Manure is used alone or mixed with fruit waste, vegetable waste or grass. Temperature and pH are held constant. Compare and contrast gas production for the four mixtures.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10a
A model tests bacterial survival after exposure to bacteriophages. Cells are tested as an intact surface community, a mechanically dispersed community or free cells. Error bars represent modelled ranges among replicate cultures. Identify the state most…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12
A hypothetical assay uses reverse-transcription PCR to distinguish HIV variants at two variable regions, R and S. Five primer pairs give the fragment sizes below. The all-variant product confirms viral material; a variant has one R and one S category. Lane1 is…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 15b
Compare and contrast nitrogen transfers by the two coral forms.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 15a
(i) Identify the most important predictor. (ii) Suggest one reason for its importance.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16b
A hypothetical introduced amphibian normally breeds near neutral pH. In its introduced range, breeding pools span pH4.3–9.8. A model laboratory study measures hatching and subsequent larval length at five pH values. The hatching bars include uncertainty…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18b
Identify the group with the highest ground cover.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 20a
Compare and contrast the results for the two groups.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 20a
A hypothetical outbreak of a waterborne intestinal infection produces the hospital-admission pattern shown. Suggest one reason for this age distribution.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 21
For approximately how long is the left atrioventricular valve open during the 0.90-second model cycle? A. 0.90 s B. 0.54 s C. 0.36 s D. 0.12 s
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 22b
A model study tests a hypothetical compound Z in children with mild phenylketonuria. A dose is given one hour after a protein-rich meal. Blood phenylalanine is measured before the meal, before the dose and three times afterwards. Evaluate the hypothesis that…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the lowest observed survival percentage among the aspen clones, naming the clone.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Analyse the survival results for the different tree groups at the contaminated site.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
State the relationship between added fuel and relative transpiration in clone A.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Compare and contrast the fuel responses of clone A and willow.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Determine which measure falls faster between the first two soil surveys, supporting your answer with the chart.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the dependent variable.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Deduce which support to use, giving a reason from the results.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
Identify the pigment most soluble in the solvent used.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5
A conceptual model compares the light absorption of four photoreceptor types. Identify the receptor most sensitive to light at620nm.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 6
A hypothetical crossover experiment uses pupil-diameter change as a measure of response to rewards. Participants complete sessions with and without a dopamine-related treatment; session order is counterbalanced. Values are changes relative to no reward,…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7b
A hypothetical animal study pairs a tone with a gentle air puff that triggers blinking. Young and older animals experience a delay of500ms or800ms. Learning is measured as the percentage responding to the tone alone. Compare and contrast learning in the two…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9b
(i) Evaluate raising the operating temperature from36 to38 degrees C. (ii) State another factor that may limit this batch culture.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12
A hypothetical gene has three alleles, R, S and T. An intronic region has1080 base pairs. The table lists19 variable positions; all other bases are identical. Calculate the percentage of different bases between alleles R and S across this intronic region,…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 14a
State which species has the greatest increase in density between14 and18km.
Zadanie 14c
Deduce which species could indicate relatively unpolluted water, giving a reason.
Zadanie 16b
Evaluate whether increasing pollinator richness could improve crop yield.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 17a
A model stream-channel experiment manipulates the presence of grazing snails and addition of nitrate plus phosphate. After eight weeks, investigators estimate the changes in cell volume of three photosynthetic groups. Other consumers are excluded. (i) Identify…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 19
A hypothetical mammal can synthesize metabolite U. Four experiments test candidate precursors P-S. The graphs show urinary output of U. An upward arrow marks the start of precursor injections and a downward arrow marks their withdrawal. Determine which…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 22b
Identify the two categories with the highest estimated risk.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 22c
The investigators suggest that a higher body-mass index sometimes reflects muscle rather than fat. Discuss this suggestion using the results.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
Compare and contrast LAI in the arctic and temperate regions.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Analyse the anomaly graph for evidence of an association between warm-Pacific events and LAI.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
(i) State the long-term LAI trend. (ii) Explain how increased atmospheric CO₂ could contribute to this trend.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
State the effect of enrichment on maximum annual NPP at the three sites.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Evaluate the evidence in the bar chart that CO₂ enrichment increases carbon storage in young forests.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the effect of immobilization on activity in this experiment.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Describe how to extend the investigation to locate the optimum temperature of immobilized catalase more precisely.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
(i) Identify the percentage receiving vaccine A in year 33. (ii) Calculate the interval between vaccine D reaching 40% coverage and vaccine R reaching 40%.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Outline conclusions from the panel for bacterium R.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Using the violin plots, deduce which age range has a larger fraction of ARI attributable to R.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
Use the estimates to predict the effect of universal vaccination against R across the combined group.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2d
Deduce whether ultrasound pretreatment improves hydrolysis in this experiment.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Explain the difference in water-loss rate between light and dark periods.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4a
Comment on the claim that some complex skills are learned more readily early in life, using the data.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5b
Use the supplied data to deduce why ethane is a gas at ordinary temperatures in human-inhabited environments.
Zadanie 5a
On the diagram, label one chemoreceptor cell.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 6a
Using the graph, state how the presence of functional transporter alleles affects the measured dopamine level.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 6b
The following year, offspring of exposed adults hear no playback, yet their songs closely resemble the third panel. Suggest what this indicates about learning.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7
A constructed dataset estimates energy stored in different tissues. Which conclusion is supported? Tissue | Carbohydrate energy / kJ | Lipid energy / kJ | Protein energy / kJ Liver | 1450 | 2400 | 2100 Skeletal muscle | 7600 | 12800 | 65000 Adipose tissue |…
Zadanie 8a
(i) Identify the relationship between migration distance and plumage darkness. (ii) Suggest two explanations for variation in plumage other than mate choice.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10
These constructed results compare corresponding gene sequences from two mammalian species. Greater divergence means more sequence differences. What can be deduced? A. The sampled autosomal sequences are less divergent than the Y-linked sequences B. The two…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11a
Deduce whether the gel supports successful transformation, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12
The plot gives genome sizes of sampled isolates from four bacterial species. Vertical position only separates points for readability. Which conclusion is justified? A. Every isolate of a species has the same genome size B. U must encode the same number of…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12a
Discuss whether the simulation supports the claim that detaching the matrix will help remove the biofilm.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12b
State the predicted effect on bacterial concentration in the remaining biofilm.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 13b
Describe how sequence alignment can be used to infer relationships between species A and the other mammals.
Zadanie 14a
State how many aligned positions contain the same amino acid in both proteins.
Zadanie 16b
Explain the overall changes in insect H abundance during the study.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18a
Mark P on the horizontal axis at the fishing effort giving the greatest sustainable yield.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18a
(i) State the relationship between DDE concentration and shell thickness. (ii) Suggest one reason why a colony with thinner shells could decline.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18b
Deduce which colony would be expected to decline most, giving reasons.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 20a
Compare and contrast the association between cholesterol and CHD incidence in men and women.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 20b
State the overall relationship between elevation and leaf nitrogen concentration.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 23a
State where blood would normally be flowing at the point marked X.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 28
A pathway converts substrate A through several steps into product Z. These constructed data show the first enzyme’s activity when Z is added. Which conclusion follows? A. Z is required for the enzyme to have any activity B. Z reduces activity at lower…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the lane number for the control lacking template DNA.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Deduce whether the primers are shorter or longer than the amplified DNA, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 h. All values are constructed for a model investigation of mammalian metabolism. At steady state, a circulating metabolite enters the blood at the same rate as it is removed, so its concentration can remain stable despite continuous…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the lane number for the control lacking template DNA.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Deduce whether the primers are shorter or longer than the amplified DNA, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Evaluate the contribution of proteins1 and2 to salt tolerance using the results.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Evaluate the contribution of proteins1 and2 to salt tolerance using the results.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5b
Constructed MRI measurements compare eight primate species. Letters identify species ordered from lowest to highest body mass. Bars show means and standard deviations. Analyse the relationship between body mass and cerebellum volume.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5b
Constructed MRI measurements compare eight primate species. Letters identify species ordered from lowest to highest body mass. Bars show means and standard deviations. Analyse the relationship between body mass and cerebellum volume.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7
Two groups of migratory songbirds normally use different routes. In a constructed experiment, their eggs hatch in captivity and the young are reared without parental contact or exposure to migrating adults. During their first migratory season, each bird’s…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7
Two groups of migratory songbirds normally use different routes. In a constructed experiment, their eggs hatch in captivity and the young are reared without parental contact or exposure to migrating adults. During their first migratory season, each bird’s…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 8
In a model experiment, odorant is applied either to the cilia or to the main body of an olfactory receptor cell at time zero. Distinguish between the two current responses.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 8
In a model experiment, odorant is applied either to the cilia or to the main body of an olfactory receptor cell at time zero. Distinguish between the two current responses.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10a
Identify the strain with the lowest antibiotic resistance.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10c
Suggest why strain B7 grows at the different antibiotic concentrations.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10a
Identify the strain with the lowest antibiotic resistance.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10c
Suggest why strain B7 grows at the different antibiotic concentrations.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11a
State the relationship between divergence time and sequence differences.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11a
State the relationship between divergence time and sequence differences.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16a
Identify the whelk’s largest source of dietary energy.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16a
Identify the whelk’s largest source of dietary energy.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 17a
Identify the curve most likely to represent stonefly nymphs.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 17a
Identify the curve most likely to represent stonefly nymphs.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18
Calculate tidal volume and ventilation rate from this model trace. A. 0.6 L and 12 breaths min⁻¹ B. 2.8 L and 12 breaths min⁻¹ C. 0.6 L and 4 breaths min⁻¹ D. 2.8 L and 4 breaths min⁻¹
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18b
Compare the two growth curves.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18
Calculate tidal volume and ventilation rate from this model trace. A. 0.6 L and 12 breaths min⁻¹ B. 2.8 L and 12 breaths min⁻¹ C. 0.6 L and 4 breaths min⁻¹ D. 2.8 L and 4 breaths min⁻¹
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18b
Compare the two growth curves.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 23a
State the relationship between the two measured variables.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 23a
State the relationship between the two measured variables.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 25a
State the relationship shown.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 25a
State the relationship shown.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Compare and contrast the ambient and body temperature patterns during year 2 (months 6–17).
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Distinguish the age-related patterns of bone porosity in the two species.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Describe the bone turnover pattern during hibernation using the R and F data.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the relationship between BCH and brain mass.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Outline how P departs from the general relationship.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
State the season in which the data indicate the greatest brain mass.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Compare and contrast the winter and spring samples.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
State the activity and season with the highest mean percentage of observation time.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1k
Compare and contrast the results for trials 2 and 9.
- Materiał graficzny