Zadanie 1d, Paper 2, maj 2024, TZ2, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, May 2024, TZ2, pytanie 1(d). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Wspólne informacje do wiązki zadań
A constructed long-term study follows three hypothetical species of large, long-lived oceanic seabirds, A, B and C. They use wind while searching for prey and breed on the same island. They can be killed accidentally in fishing gear, and changes to food webs or climate may affect them.
The first dataset gives annual breeding-pair counts for 22 years.
The next dataset gives annual survival for species A and B over 31 years. Annual survival is the percentage of adults alive at the start of a year that remain alive at its end; it excludes recruitment.
Fishing effort indicates the intensity of fishing activity. The graph pairs it with survival in species A.
Small crustaceans are important prey directly or indirectly for these birds. The final graph compares prey density and species B survival at six survey dates.
A further study of species C reports these effects.
| Variable | Total eggs laid in the colony | Percentage of chicks surviving |
|---|---|---|
| Wind conditions depart from the optimum | No significant effect | Negative effect |
| Number of breeding pairs increases | Positive effect | No significant effect |
Polecenie
(i) State the year of greatest fishing effort.
(ii) Describe the relationship between fishing effort and adult survival, using evidence from the record.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(i) 1983. ✔
(ii) Fishing effort declines between the beginning and end, but adult survival returns to its initial level. ✔
There are inverse changes, for example effort falls from 1983 to 1985 while survival rises. ✔
The response can be delayed: effort falls sharply in 1976, while the local survival peak is reached in 1977. ✔
There are exceptions: both effort and survival rise from 1988 to 1989, and both fall from 1990 to 1991. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part (i): 1. Part (ii): any 2 supported comparisons with evidence, maximum 2; a bare word such as correlation is insufficient. Maximum 3.