Zadanie 1e, Paper 2, maj 2024, TZ2, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, May 2024, TZ2, pytanie 1(e). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Wspólne informacje do wiązki zadań
A constructed long-term study follows three hypothetical species of large, long-lived oceanic seabirds, A, B and C. They use wind while searching for prey and breed on the same island. They can be killed accidentally in fishing gear, and changes to food webs or climate may affect them.
The first dataset gives annual breeding-pair counts for 22 years.
The next dataset gives annual survival for species A and B over 31 years. Annual survival is the percentage of adults alive at the start of a year that remain alive at its end; it excludes recruitment.
Fishing effort indicates the intensity of fishing activity. The graph pairs it with survival in species A.
Small crustaceans are important prey directly or indirectly for these birds. The final graph compares prey density and species B survival at six survey dates.
A further study of species C reports these effects.
| Variable | Total eggs laid in the colony | Percentage of chicks surviving |
|---|---|---|
| Wind conditions depart from the optimum | No significant effect | Negative effect |
| Number of breeding pairs increases | Positive effect | No significant effect |
Polecenie
(i) Calculate the percentage increase in prey density from 1985 to 1991.
(ii) Evaluate whether the record supports dependence of species B survival on prey density, referring to particular intervals.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(i) (84−24) ÷ 24 × 100 = 250%. ✔
(ii) From 1985 to 1991 both prey density and survival rise, supporting an association. ✔
From 1994 to 1997 prey density falls while survival rises, OR from 1997 to 2000 prey rises while survival falls, contradicting a simple dependence. ✔
Only six survey dates are shown, so the record does not isolate food supply from other influences. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part (i): 1 for 250%, no working required. Part (ii): any 2 supported evaluation points; a data-based point must identify an interval. Maximum 3.