Zadanie 1g, Paper 2, maj 2023, TZ1, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, May 2023, TZ1, pytanie 1(g). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Wspólne informacje do wiązki zadań
The following datasets are constructed for a hypothetical investigation of vegetation. Leaf area index (LAI) is total one-sided leaf area divided by ground area. Monthly means are shown for four northern-hemisphere vegetation regions.
PowiększTwo independent monitoring programmes provide annual LAI anomalies: R spans a 34-year record and S covers the first 29 years. An anomaly is the difference from a fixed reference mean. Shading marks warm-Pacific events analogous to El Niño; darker shading indicates a stronger event.
PowiększIn a further model experiment, young forest plots receive ambient CO₂ or a 40% enrichment. Net primary production (NPP) is carbon fixed by plants after subtracting carbon released by plant respiration. The highest annual NPP during the observation period is recorded below.
| Site | Dominant tree group | Ambient NPP / kg C m⁻² y⁻¹ | Enriched NPP / kg C m⁻² y⁻¹ |
|---|---|---|---|
| P | Broad-leaved deciduous trees | 0.74 | 0.93 |
| Q | Mixed deciduous trees | 0.92 | 1.18 |
| R | Evergreen conifers | 1.08 | 1.42 |
The bar chart shows accumulated carbon in tree tissues for three plots per treatment at each site. No uncertainty intervals are supplied.
PowiększPolecenie
Evaluate the evidence in the bar chart that CO₂ enrichment increases carbon storage in young forests.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
Total stored carbon is higher under enrichment at all sites. ✔
The bar chart gives strong support for the proposed increase. ✔
Every enriched total exceeds every ambient total within each site. ✔
More carbon is allocated to wood overall, particularly at P and R. ✔
More carbon is allocated to fine roots OR leaves. ✔
Fine roots account for the greatest increase at Q. ✔
Wood accounts for the greatest increase at P and R. ✔
Plot-to-plot variation is greater at Q than at P or R. ✔
Without uncertainty intervals or a statistical test, the significance of the differences is uncertain. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Any 3 distinct evaluative points, maximum 3. Accept equivalent tissue-specific comparisons; distinguish total carbon from an individual component.