Zadanie 1b, Paper 2, maj 2023, TZ1, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, May 2023, TZ1, pytanie 1(b). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Wspólne informacje do wiązki zadań
The following datasets are constructed for a hypothetical investigation of vegetation. Leaf area index (LAI) is total one-sided leaf area divided by ground area. Monthly means are shown for four northern-hemisphere vegetation regions.
PowiększTwo independent monitoring programmes provide annual LAI anomalies: R spans a 34-year record and S covers the first 29 years. An anomaly is the difference from a fixed reference mean. Shading marks warm-Pacific events analogous to El Niño; darker shading indicates a stronger event.
PowiększIn a further model experiment, young forest plots receive ambient CO₂ or a 40% enrichment. Net primary production (NPP) is carbon fixed by plants after subtracting carbon released by plant respiration. The highest annual NPP during the observation period is recorded below.
| Site | Dominant tree group | Ambient NPP / kg C m⁻² y⁻¹ | Enriched NPP / kg C m⁻² y⁻¹ |
|---|---|---|---|
| P | Broad-leaved deciduous trees | 0.74 | 0.93 |
| Q | Mixed deciduous trees | 0.92 | 1.18 |
| R | Evergreen conifers | 1.08 | 1.42 |
The bar chart shows accumulated carbon in tree tissues for three plots per treatment at each site. No uncertainty intervals are supplied.
PowiększPolecenie
Suggest reasons for the different seasonal patterns in boreal and low-latitude forest LAI.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
Low-latitude climate, temperature or light conditions vary less over the year than boreal conditions. ✔
Low-latitude conditions permit photosynthesis throughout the year, whereas boreal conditions do not. ✔
Low-latitude temperatures are higher OR the growing season is longer. ✔
Boreal winter water is frozen or unavailable, whereas warmer-region roots can access liquid water. ✔
Boreal winter days are shorter and provide less photosynthetic light. ✔
Very long boreal summer days could explain its greater July maximum. ✔
Evergreen low-latitude trees retain foliage, while seasonal leaf loss in deciduous boreal components can lower winter LAI. ✔
Solar angle varies differently with season at the two latitudes. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Award any 3 of the listed points; maximum 3 marks. Do not credit identical statements twice. Do not claim that all boreal trees are deciduous.