Interpret temperature, pH and substrate curves using collision frequency, active-site availability and denaturation.
Tę umiejętność sprawdzają 22 zadania wzorowane na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
A soluble enzyme from a mesophilic organism is tested from near freezing to temperatures that denature it. Substrate is abundant. Which graph best represents its initial activity across this range? A. Graph A B. Graph B C. Graph C D. Graph D
Discuss two variables that should be controlled in this investigation.
An enzyme was tested at constant pH with excess substrate. The results are shown. What accounts for the rise in rate from 18 °C to 30 °C? A. The enzyme molecules acquire additional active sites B. Substrate molecules collide with active sites more frequently…
Temperature and substrate concentration are held constant. Which sketch best represents the typical effect of pH on an enzyme whose optimum lies within the plotted range? A. Sketch A B. Sketch B C. Sketch C D. Sketch D
Protease solutions were tested on identical milk-protein stains for45minutes. Residual colour score runs from1(faintest) to6(darkest). Temperature / °C | 12 | 22 | 32 | 42 | 62 Residual score | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 6 Which explanation is consistent with the…
Molecular binding underlies both communication and metabolic regulation. (a) Describe complementary molecules in cell-signalling systems, with examples. (b) Explain causes and consequences of changes to enzyme active sites. (c) Outline how reversible changes…
Identify one variable to control during cultivation.
Explain possible causes of the decline in product concentration.
The stomach has specialized secretory cells. Outline the contribution of stomach acid to digestion.
Explain why temperature should remain at48 degrees C throughout the measurements.
(i) Suggest how growth rate could be measured. (ii) Explain the increase in growth between11 and31 degrees C.
(i) Evaluate raising the operating temperature from36 to38 degrees C. (ii) State another factor that may limit this batch culture.
State the effect of immobilization on activity in this experiment.
Identify one variable to hold constant when comparing activity across temperatures.
A purified enzyme is tested at a fixed concentration, pH and temperature. Product is measured over very short initial intervals. Why does increasing substrate cease to raise the rate appreciably? A. The enzyme has become the main substrate B. Almost all active…
A vessel is used to grow microorganisms that produce a useful substance. State one physical or chemical condition to keep at an appropriate constant value to support production.
A culture of microorganisms is grown in a fermentation vessel. Explain how conditions in the vessel can limit growth.
State one reason for incubating the plates before recording the results.
State one reason for incubating the plates before recording the results.
An enzyme is tested only at pH 6.5. What can be predicted about its activity if the temperature series is repeated at pH 7.5? A. Every rate must double B. The optimum temperature must become 10°C higher C. The supplied results do not establish the pH response…
Enzymes, replication and evolutionary processes affect biological systems. (a) Outline, using graphs, effects of factors that influence enzyme activity. (b) Describe the functions of three named enzymes in DNA replication. (c) Explain speciation, including…
Three microbial amylases are compared using equal enzyme concentrations at the same temperature. Which conclusion follows from these constructed results? A. Q has the highest optimum pH B. P has its highest measured rate at pH 7 C. R is inactive at every…
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