Explain swelling, lysis and shrinkage and relate water balance to contractile vacuoles and controlled tissue-fluid conditions.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 9 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Erythrocytes are placed in a strongly hypertonic solution of an effectively non-penetrating solute. What is expected initially? A. They lose water and shrink B. They gain water until they lyse C. They increase their mass by synthesizing a cell wall D. All…
(i) Explain why the treated cells and control cells show different changes in volume. (ii) Discuss how aquaporins in human collecting ducts help when blood water content becomes too low.
A schematic records the shapes of mammalian red blood cells after immersion in a test solution. What can be deduced from their appearance? A. The external solution has a lower solute concentration and the cells have swollen B. The external solution is…
A physiology course examines how biological systems preserve stable information and internal conditions. (a) Explain mechanisms that reduce copying errors during DNA replication. (b) Describe regulation of blood glucose in humans. (c) Explain why extracellular…
Explain the response to distilled water.
Deduce which tested concentration is most likely to be close to the isotonic concentration, giving a reason.
An isolated mammalian muscle cell is transferred from its usual medium to a hypotonic medium. Explain the changes expected in the cell.
A culture of microorganisms is grown in a fermentation vessel. Explain how conditions in the vessel can limit growth.
Fresh samples of mammalian erythrocytes are placed in NaCl solutions for the same duration. Which explanation is consistent with the high percentage of ruptured cells at 0.03 mol L⁻¹? A. Salt molecules actively transport water out of the cells B. Water enters…
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