Distinguish analogous structures from homologous ones and explain similarities produced by convergent evolution.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 6 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2024–2026.
The streamlined bodies of a shark and a dolphin evolved in separate vertebrate lineages. Which interpretation is correct? A. A similar aquatic demand has favoured convergent evolution of an analogous overall form B. The dolphin descended directly from the…
Penguins are birds and seals are mammals. Both swim using flattened forelimbs with corresponding humerus, radius and ulna bones. Which evolutionary interpretation best explains these observations? A. The swimming specialisations are homologous because the…
Which observation would support calling two structures analogous? A. They perform similar roles but their specialised forms arose independently B. They occur only in members of one species C. They have identical DNA sequences at every locus D. They differ in…
A shark and an ichthyosaur independently evolved streamlined bodies from ancestors with different body forms. Which interpretation best describes this similarity? A. Artificial selection producing homologous wings B. Divergent evolution producing homologous…
What combination characterizes analogous features such as insect and bird wings as flight structures? A. Same origin; no present function B. Same origin; necessarily different function C. Different origin; necessarily unrelated function D. Independent…
Two distantly related mammal lineages have independently evolved defensive spines from hairs. Which explanation is consistent with their separate origins? A. The spines must have been inherited unchanged from their most recent common ancestor B. The two…
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