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A model dataset compares guppy populations in three ponds. Larger bright patches attract mates but can also attract predators. Pond | Predators of type P | Predators of type Q | Male patches A | 8 | 0 | Large, bright B | 13 | 0 | Medium C | 4 | 19 | Small,…
Why are Endler’s controlled studies of guppy colour patterns useful evidence for natural selection? A. They show that changing predation pressure can alter which inherited male colour patterns become common B. They show that every guppy acquires the colour it…
Which statement correctly distinguishes two sources of heritable variation? A. Mutation can generate new alleles, whereas sexual reproduction reshuffles alleles into new combinations B. Fertilisation prevents offspring from differing genetically C. Meiosis…
Which action is consistent with rewilding a damaged river catchment? A. Removing all native predators B. Reintroducing a native keystone species to restore ecological processes C. Maintaining every habitat as a small isolated enclosure D. Replacing native…
A newly exposed lava surface is followed as a community develops over many years. Which general trend would support primary succession? A. Progressive removal of all detritivores B. A steady decline in the number of feeding relationships C. Immediate…
Which land-use change would tend to reduce an area’s capacity to remove and store atmospheric carbon? A. Allowing native woodland to regenerate B. Restoring a drained peat-forming wetland C. Clearing a mature forest and keeping the ground sparsely vegetated D.…
Which listed conditions belong to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium model? I. No allele is favoured by selection II. Mating is random III. Strong genetic drift occurs each generation A. II and III only B. III only C. I and II only D. I only
Which process provides the principal human contribution to the recent global warming trend? A. A sustained decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide from industry B. Oxidation of fossil carbon in fuels, increasing atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations C. A…
Strong warming of surface seawater can increase its density contrast with deeper water. Which consequence can follow? A. Reduced delivery of nutrients from depth into the sunlit layer B. A necessary increase in oxygen production by all marine ecosystems C.…
Which change would reduce long-term carbon storage by a wetland ecosystem? A. Rewetting drained peat B. Draining peat and clearing its vegetation C. Protecting the wetland from burning D. Restoring native peat-forming vegetation