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Dodaj cały arkusz do zestawuA spherical cell grows while retaining its shape. What happens to its surface area, volume and surface-area-to-volume ratio? A. Area rises, volume rises, ratio falls B. Area rises, volume falls, ratio rises C. Area falls, volume rises, ratio stays constant D.…
Which component of a typical animal cell is absent from a bacterial cell? A. Cytoplasmic ribosomes B. A plasma membrane C. Mitochondria D. Genetic material made of DNA
A neutral solute crosses a membrane through a selective channel. There is initially more of it outside than inside; no other process moves or consumes it. Which description fits this facilitated diffusion? A. ATP must be hydrolysed for every molecule…
A diploid root cell of a plant has 2n = 12. It has completed DNA replication and is in late prophase of mitosis. How many chromatids does it contain? A. 6 B. 12 C. 24 D. 48
How should the reaction shown be classified? A. Catabolic hydrolysis B. Anabolic condensation C. Anabolic hydrolysis D. Catabolic condensation
A purified enzyme is tested at a fixed concentration, pH and temperature. Product is measured over very short initial intervals. Why does increasing substrate cease to raise the rate appreciably? A. The enzyme has become the main substrate B. Almost all active…
In the backbone of an RNA strand, phosphate groups form covalent links directly to which components? A. Ribose sugars B. Only the nitrogenous bases C. Amino acid side chains D. Fatty acid tails
These tRNAs carry the amino acids shown. Which mRNA sequence encodes the tripeptide phenylalanine–glycine–lysine? Anticodon, written 3′→5′ | Amino acid AAG | Phenylalanine CCA | Glycine UUC | Lysine A. 5′–AAG CCA UUC–3′ B. 5′–TTC GGT AAG–3′ C. 5′–UUC GGU…
A green leaf receives only a narrow band of blue light centred near 445 nm. Which plot could show the photosynthesis supported by the wavelengths actually supplied? A. Plot A B. Plot B C. Plot C D. Plot D
Which genetic change produces the altered beta-globin associated with sickle-cell disease? A. Loss of an entire chromosome from every erythrocyte precursor B. A single base substitution in the beta-globin coding sequence C. Addition of a complete second…
A hypothetical condition is caused by a fully penetrant autosomal dominant allele. The pedigree shows one family; assume no new mutations. What is the probability that the next child of II-2 and II-3 will be affected? A. 0% B. 25% C. 75% D. 50%
A freshwater invertebrate ingests fragments of dead leaves and digests them inside its gut. Which nutritional description is most specific? A. A photoautotroph using light to fix carbon B. A saprotroph secreting enzymes onto food outside its body C. A…
Which process decreases the organic biomass retained within a feeding level? A. Fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars B. Oxidizing organic compounds in respiration and releasing carbon dioxide C. Converting absorbed amino acids into new tissue D.…
Which two labelled transfers in this simplified carbon-cycle diagram represent respiration? Unlabelled routes are not part of the choice. A. P and Q B. P and S C. Q and R D. R and S
Equal total areas of two meadows were sampled for a plant. The null hypothesis predicts equal density. A chi-squared goodness-of-fit calculation gives χ2 = 7.20. What conclusion follows at the 5% significance level? Meadow | Observed plants | Expected…
Which example demonstrates artificial selection? A. A drought favours naturally occurring deeper-rooted plants B. A breeder repeatedly uses the longest-fibred plants as parents C. Birds with poorly camouflaged plumage are more often eaten D. A random storm…
In a stable environment, a heritable trait lowers survival and the number of offspring produced. What does natural selection tend to do over generations? A. Decrease the trait’s frequency B. Ensure that every individual acquires a beneficial mutation C. Pass…
Which scheme correctly shows the role of thrombin in forming a blood clot? A vertical arrow ending on a reaction arrow indicates catalysis. A. Scheme A B. Scheme B C. Scheme C D. Scheme D
An IVF protocol includes repeated follicle-stimulating hormone doses before egg collection. What is their intended effect? A. Triggering implantation directly into the ovary B. Stopping all follicle development C. Promoting development of several ovarian…
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