Zadanie 1a
State the percentage germinated in the control on day 12.
- Materiał graficzny
Recording and interpreting biological data
Collect sufficient observations and measurements, process and present them appropriately, identify patterns and outliers, and distinguish accuracy, precision, reliability and validity.
Tę umiejętność sprawdzają 163 zadania wzorowane na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2025.
Zadania sprawdzające tę umiejętność: 163 Otwórz w wyszukiwarce z filtrami
Zadanie 1b
Sketch a plausible curve for seeds exposed to S for 64 hours.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Compare and contrast the 16-hour treatment with the control during the investigation.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Suggest which feature is consistent with inhibition of respiration by S.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
State the increase in mean emission caused by S in dormant embryos.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Calculate the percentage increase caused by S in non-dormant embryos.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
Compare and contrast the responses of dormant and non-dormant embryos.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
(i) Compare and contrast male and female consumption under the two treatments. (ii) Suggest one reason the sexes differ in prey preference. (iii) Suggest one prey characteristic that could influence feeding choice.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
(i) Calculate the percentage decrease in crustaceans consumed by males in mixed-prey trials relative to single-prey trials. (ii) Deduce which sex has the more flexible prey choice, giving a reason. (iii) Using the available data, justify the conclusion that…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
Calculate the decrease in the control group between weeks20 and80.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Compare and contrast the two groups over time.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Estimate the median concentration in the mild group.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2a
(i) Identify two species whose distributions suggest adaptation to similar abiotic conditions. (ii) Identify the least abundant species across the transect.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Outline why relative volumes are more useful here than unadjusted cell volumes.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
Determine one laccase concentration within the most effective high-decolourization region shown.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Predict the percentage decolourization at a laccase concentration of 6.0 mg mL−1.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3c
Deduce what the overlapping error bars at 3.6 and 4.8 mg mL−1 suggest about the difference between these means.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3d
Describe the relationship between laccase loading concentration and mean decolourization.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4d
State how the graph allows the consistency of repeated measurements to be assessed.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 25
In an illustrative mosquito experiment, individuals begin as larvae and later become pupae. A fraction of 1 means all are larvae; 0 means none remain larvae. Which conclusion follows from the graph? A. Development is faster at pH 6.5 than at pH 8.5 B. Every…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
Identify the species with the lowest Topt.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Analyse the curves to identify a key difference between the two groups.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
(i) Distinguish winter and summer soil moisture. (ii) Suggest reasons for the difference.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
Distinguish the appearance of the mapped skin atDay0 andDay10.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Explain how quantitative measurements from all participants could assess improvement.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
State the greatest overexpressing-fibroblast percentage in lesional tissue atDay0.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2b
Compare and contrast fresh-leaf and litter results.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Outline the effect of increasing PX concentration on free tyrosine.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3c
Distinguish the PY results at18and36hours.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4b
State the modal height interval.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Deduce, with a reason, whether acidifying fertilizer or lime is more likely to promote copper deficiency in this model.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
(i) State one soil pH at which phosphorus deficiency is predicted. (ii) List two biologically important substances containing phosphorus.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
(i) State the food category providing 6% of fibre in the higher-fibre group. (ii) State the percentage supplied by fruit in the lower-fibre group.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Compare and contrast the proportional sources of fibre in the two groups.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Compare the associations of increasing fibre intake with total energy intake and the percentage of energy supplied by fat.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Identify the temperature with the greatest overall population growth rate during the investigation.
Zadanie 1a
State which route contributes most to exposure in the youngest age group.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Estimate the contribution of water for children aged 1–3 years.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
State the mean blood lead concentration in region A in 1982.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Compare and contrast the changes in blood lead concentrations after the fuel-policy changes in the two regions.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
In this hypothetical monitoring programme, a cohort is flagged for additional investigation if its mean exceeds 40 µg L⁻¹. Outline which regional cohorts meet this rule from 2000 onwards.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
State which residential environment has the highest mean in 1990–1999.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Distinguish between the fish communities in the two regions.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
(i) Compare and contrast the mean fish lengths in the regions. (ii) Use both species charts to estimate the mean length of the most densely represented warm-region species.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
(i) Identify the region and vegetation habitat with the greatest omnivore density. (ii) Suggest why planktivores can be more numerous than piscivores. (iii) Suggest why smaller fish are more abundant among submerged vegetation.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2a
State what the error bars represent.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2b
Distinguish between the responses of the two genera.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
Outline the effect of extra carbon dioxide on growth of the red alga.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
Describe how exercise intensity relates to oxygen consumption and to the volume of air inhaled per minute.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4b
In a model experiment, bacteria initially use nitrogen-15, a heavier stable isotope, to make their DNA. They are transferred to a medium supplying only nitrogen-14, the lighter isotope. DNA extracted before transfer and after one and two cell divisions is…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4a
The conceptual diagrams model changes in a developing neural network. (i) State two major changes visible between early development and later childhood. (ii) Outline the main change visible between later childhood and adolescence.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7
Temperature is held constant while plants are tested at two light intensities. At 0.12% CO₂ under dim light, which change is supported as a way to increase photosynthesis by the results? A. Conclude that no environmental factor limits the rate B. Increase…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9b
A hypothetical crop is engineered to resist herbicide H. H kills susceptible weeds and is readily broken down by soil microorganisms. A model survey follows adoption of the resistance trait in two crops. (i) Identify the first year in which the percentage for…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9a
Evaluate whether acid K could control formation of the surface community.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11b
Distinguish the distributions of species A and B across the two treatments.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12b
Deduce whether the graph demonstrates that growth in human population causes growth in bird S population.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12a
A hypothetical production model gives the edible biomass obtained from100kg of feed. (i) State one reason why not all ingested energy becomes new animal biomass. (ii) Discuss the difference in feed conversion between cattle and fish. (iii) Deduce an advantage…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 14a
A simplified model represents a coastal food web. Identify two primary consumers in the web.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 15
A hypothetical survey groups adults by body-mass category. The bars show percentages with vitamin D deficiency and model95% confidence intervals. Outline the association shown.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16a
A hypothetical outbreak of a waterborne intestinal infection produces the hospital-admission pattern shown. Suggest one reason for this age distribution.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 19
The tables form a hypothetical nutrition exercise, not dietary recommendations. (i) Calculate the percentage of the model daily sodium maximum consumed by a30-year-old who eats48crackers. (ii) Outline one nutritional concern if a child eats large quantities of…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 1a
Describe the pattern of cooperation across the sessions with two cups.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Deduce why the lower whisker for monopoly with two cups is not visible.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Compare and contrast monopoly and conflict when changing from two cups to one.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Estimate the probability of resistance when a rank-6 animal initiates a conflict with a rank-3 animal in the two-cup trial.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
Compare and contrast the model probabilities for the two arrangements.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Explain how these data can be used to estimate the tissue solute concentration.
Zadanie 1c
Estimate the tissue solute concentration.
Zadanie 1b
Identify the two leaf varieties whose extracts show no inhibition.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Analyse the effects of increasing extract concentration.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Distinguish between the body-mass changes with leaf B and leaf A.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Compare and contrast HbA1c in the dietary groups and control.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the independent variable.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Suggest a conclusion supported by the results.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2a
State the dependent variable.
Zadanie 2b
Explain why replicate plates are needed.
Zadanie 3a
State the tested concentration most effective at limiting browning.
Zadanie 4
Which process and biological use fit the sequence? A. Endocytosis used to ingest particles by a unicellular organism B. Exocytosis used to release a hormone from a secretory cell C. Facilitated diffusion used to import individual ions D. Osmosis used to take…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5
A hypothetical study cuts axons at different distances from their cell bodies and observes twenty individual cultures. Identify the relationship between cut distance and response.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 6a
The table describes four hypothetical mammal species. Discuss whether brain mass is proportional to neuron number.
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 8a
Suggest conclusions about how pH affects the rate of cellulose hydrolysis.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9
A hypothetical crop-development procedure uses a bacterial vector to introduce herbicide resistance. The table records a model production run. Calculate the number of germinated seeds as a percentage of the initial embryo number, assuming every collected seed…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 10
A hypothetical bacterial strain is tested for removal of methylmercury from a culture. Bars show methylmercury concentration; lines show growth with and without methylmercury. Error bars on growth are model SDs. Evaluate whether the strain could be useful for…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12c
(i) Analyse the effect of grazers on species richness. (ii) Suggest reasons for an increase in richness.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 13
A hypothetical coral experiment compares three water temperatures. The scattergraph tracks symbiotic algal density over ten weeks. Using the data, explain the effect of temperature on coral bleaching.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 14a
State which species has the greatest increase in density between14 and18km.
Zadanie 14c
Deduce which species could indicate relatively unpolluted water, giving a reason.
Zadanie 15a
The conceptual model relates terrestrial biomes to mean annual climate. Its boundaries are illustrative. (i) State the temperature range covered by the two desert regions together. (ii) State the precipitation range of tropical rainforest.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16a
Analyse the relationship between pollution and biodiversity.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18
A hypothetical mammal can synthesize metabolite U. Four experiments test candidate precursors P-S. The graphs show urinary output of U. An upward arrow marks the start of precursor injections and a downward arrow marks their withdrawal. Determine which…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the modal daily step counts for regions S and Q, rounded to the nearest 1000 steps.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Distinguish between the activity distributions in regions P and R.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Identify the cities with the highest and lowest walkability scores.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Compare and contrast the obesity-prevalence patterns for women and men.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
State the association in the final scatterplot.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
Describe the features of enterotype Y shown in the composition chart.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Estimate the median bacterial count per gram of faeces for W.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Distinguish between bacterial counts in W and Y.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
(i) Estimate the prevalence of Z at BMI 48. (ii) State the association between BMI and Y prevalence.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
A model dataset relates the osmolarity of fluid surrounding mammalian sperm to the fraction of moving sperm. (i) State the relationship shown. (ii) Blood plasma has a lower osmolarity than seminal fluid in the model. Explain the expected direction of water…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Deduce which candidate is the father, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5a
The model data compare total photoreceptor density in two mammals at several retinal positions. Suggest whether these data establish that mammal A has better colour vision than mammal B.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5b
Use the supplied data to deduce why ethane is a gas at ordinary temperatures in human-inhabited environments.
Zadanie 6a
Comment on the claim that some complex skills are learned more readily early in life, using the data.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 8
A constructed dataset estimates energy stored in different tissues. Which conclusion is supported? Tissue | Carbohydrate energy / kJ | Lipid energy / kJ | Protein energy / kJ Liver | 1450 | 2400 | 2100 Skeletal muscle | 7600 | 12800 | 65000 Adipose tissue |…
Zadanie 10
An enzyme converts substrate P to product Q. Equal enzyme and substrate concentrations are used at each pH. Which conclusion follows? A. The enzyme rate is independent of pH B. The enzyme is completely inactive at pH9 C. pH influences the measured enzyme…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10
A model cleaning trial compares a microbial cleaning product, bacteriophages and their combination against a water control on contaminated surfaces. Deduce which treatment is most effective, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10
Deduce whether the gel supports successful transformation, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11b
In a model region, cultivation of herbicide-resistant crops expanded during the period shown. The chart records the cumulative number of weed species reported resistant to that herbicide. Comment on environmental consequences of widespread use of these crops.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12a
State the effect of raising fish density on FCR.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12b
Evaluate recirculating tanks rather than flow-through tanks for fish grown at high density.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12
Water, sediment and material scraped from rock biofilms are sampled at two river locations. E. coli is a faecal bacterium. Standardized sample preparations are compared, with variability shown by error bars. (i) Suggest a reason for the difference between the…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 13a
Describe the overall pattern in the species counts.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 13b
A model heating experiment measures oxygen production by the algal partners and oxygen consumption by the association. In this model, visible bleaching occurs above 33.5°C. (i) Distinguish the temperatures at which further warming begins to reduce the two…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 14
These constructed results compare corresponding gene sequences from two mammalian species. Greater divergence means more sequence differences. What can be deduced? A. The sampled autosomal sequences are less divergent than the Y-linked sequences B. The two…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 15a
Compare the species richness of the plots.
Zadanie 16a
Identify the overall effect of the higher-protein diet on appetite.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 17
A constructed phototherapy dataset records the percentage decrease in serum bilirubin after a fixed period of visible blue-light exposure. Deduce the relationship between light intensity and the bilirubin remaining after exposure.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 21
Equal total areas of two meadows were sampled for a plant. The null hypothesis predicts equal density. A chi-squared goodness-of-fit calculation gives χ2 = 7.20. What conclusion follows at the 5% significance level? Meadow | Observed plants | Expected…
Zadanie 1a
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2a
Explain the curve in terms of limiting factors.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2a
Compare and contrast the effects of pH on the two preparations.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Describe the direction of the pen stroke during inspiration.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
State the lane number for the control lacking template DNA.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Explain why the temperature changes within each cycle.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3c
Predict the result if fewer cycles are completed.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4b
In a model tissue-culture experiment, TTX prevents postsynaptic responses to presynaptic signals. After12days, axon branching is compared with untreated tissue. Graphs show means by depth; horizontal error bars on branch lengths show SD. (i) Identify the depth…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4a
A constructed developmental survey measures cortical neurons in a small mammal at eight ages. Error bars show SD. Describe the changes between days3and30.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5
Three hypothetical photoreceptor pigments have the model absorption spectra shown. Identify the wavelength range over which pigment M absorbs light in this model.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7
The supplied sequence shows neurulation in a vertebrate embryo. The neural tube later contributes to the brain and spinal cord. Describe the changes shown during neurulation.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 8a
List two reasons why this process could be useful commercially.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9
A constructed survey follows weeds resistant to herbicide H after resistant crops become widely used. The chart gives cumulative confirmed species counts. (i) Identify the year with the greatest number of newly recorded resistant species across all regions.…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10
A model culture tests four antibacterial preparations on a bacterial lawn. X is a control disc. The plate is incubated at25°C for36hours before the schematic result is recorded. (i) Analyse the effects of the four preparations. (ii) Outline one reason for…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11a
Distinguish between the energy efficiencies of beef and poultry production.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 13a
Identify the additive with the greater concentration in (i) the body wall and (ii) the gut wall.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 13a
(i) State one process that removes nutrients from the soil store. (ii) Rock weathering releases nutrients into soil. Add X to the arrow representing this input.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 14a
Calculate the increase in germination success after gut passage compared with partial pulp removal, in percentage points.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 14a
Discuss how the results might affect escape from predators in nature.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 15a
After surrounding land is cleared, three forest patches remain with the same total area. Predict which patch might retain the most bird species native to the forest, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16a
Identify the whelk’s largest source of dietary energy.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 18
Enzyme G catalyses production of vitamin C in some animals. A disabling change in its gene can prevent synthesis. The table gives hypothetical daily production rates for seven animal species. Identify one species for which vitamin C is not an essential dietary…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 28
Calculate tidal volume and ventilation rate from this model trace. A. 0.6 L and 12 breaths min⁻¹ B. 2.8 L and 12 breaths min⁻¹ C. 0.6 L and 4 breaths min⁻¹ D. 2.8 L and 4 breaths min⁻¹
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 28
Calculate tidal volume and ventilation rate from this model trace. A. 0.6 L and 12 breaths min⁻¹ B. 2.8 L and 12 breaths min⁻¹ C. 0.6 L and 4 breaths min⁻¹ D. 2.8 L and 4 breaths min⁻¹
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
(i) State the relationship between body and ambient temperature. (ii) Explain how this differs from the usual human response across a similar ambient range.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
(i) Describe the posture trend as ambient temperature rises. (ii) Suggest reasons for this trend.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
State the month containing the highest daily mean food intake.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Outline the relationship between daily temperature and food intake during June.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
(i) State the cumulative increase in control-colony mass at week 7. (ii) Compare and contrast colony-mass gains after transfer outdoors. (iii) Suggest a reason for the mass changes between weeks 6 and 8.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Using the queen-production data, predict the effect of pesticide A on bumblebee populations.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
(i) Identify the species with the largest egg-length decrease at the high dose of pesticide B. (ii) Describe the low- and high-dose effects across the four species.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the mean annual decline in insect biomass.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Compare and contrast the results for flies and grasshoppers.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Identify how many diets have a greater mass of sucrose consumed than of protein:lipid mixture.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Compare and contrast consumption on the 1:1 and 1:8 diets.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
State the relationship between high dietary lipid content and survival on day7.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 24
A short protein segment is compared across five hypothetical vertebrate species. Which statement is supported by the sequences? Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 Species P | A | G | K | L | S | T | V | E Species Q | A | G | K | L | S | T | V | E Species…