Zadanie 1c
Deduce, with a reason, whether standard-sized or compact dogs tend to develop the disorder younger in this dataset.
- Materiał graficzny
Evaluating biological evidence and methods
Justify conclusions using processed evidence and biological knowledge, assess uncertainty and methodological limitations, and explain practical improvements linked to identified weaknesses.
Tę umiejętność sprawdzają 134 zadania wzorowane na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Zadania sprawdzające tę umiejętność: 134 Otwórz w wyszukiwarce z filtrami
Zadanie 1f
Compare and contrast the model risks for males and females.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Using both datasets, discuss the combination of line, sex and neutering category associated with the lowest model risk.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Evaluate the hypothesis that mammals make up the largest part of the hawks’ diet.
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Zadanie 1d
Analyse the tree survey for trends in bark damage.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Using the evidence, discuss whether killing hawks would improve the long-term sustainability of the woodland and the released quail.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Discuss whether these results support the hypothesis that chemical effects on other plants or on soil microbes help an invasive plant establish.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2d
Describe ways to improve this investigation.
Zadanie 2a
One student counts a wrist pulse for 60 seconds; another counts for 20 seconds and multiplies by three. (i) Suggest why the full-minute estimate may be more accurate. (ii) Suggest one advantage of an electronic pulse monitor over manual counting.
Zadanie 2c
An invented adult cohort gives the following associations with total blood cholesterol. Deduce conclusions supported by these results.
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 4d
Justify the conclusion that predator treatment affected the guppy population’s spotting pattern.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5d
In this model, limited Gamma vaccine supplies are offered first to people at high risk of severe illness and workers with frequent exposure. Suggest reasons for this policy.
Zadanie 1e
Evaluate the claim that eight hours is the optimum exposure duration.
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Zadanie 1a
(i) Compare and contrast male and female consumption under the two treatments. (ii) Suggest one reason the sexes differ in prey preference. (iii) Suggest one prey characteristic that could influence feeding choice.
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Zadanie 1c
Suggest one important limitation.
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Zadanie 1f
Evaluate using protein P as a marker to help confirm this disorder.
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Zadanie 2d
Comment on how well the reliability of the results can be assessed.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Predict when D would begin germinating after a fire at the start of summer, giving reasons.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Discuss which group may be more adversely affected by warmer soil, using the datasets.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Comment on the investigation’s reliability.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Explain conclusions supported by the expression data.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3d
Using only these data, discuss which species might form a population bloom if habitat temperatures rise5°C.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4f
Evaluate whether these results support replacing polyester clothing with cotton for human UV protection.
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Zadanie 1a
Explain how poor copper availability in soil can lead to copper deficiency in a sheep.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Copper-deficient sheep show more infections and a weaker vaccine response. Suggest a role of copper in the body.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Explain whether these data determine which group eats the greater mass of whole grains each day.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Suggest one food category that could be increased in the lower-fibre diet, giving a reason based on the chart.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
The fibre fraction considered here is not digested for energy by human enzymes. Suggest why fibre intake can nevertheless correlate with total energy intake.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
Discuss whether the results support the claim that higher-fibre diets are healthy for these children.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Suggest how a change in behaviour or diet with age could alter the relative contributions of the routes.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
Predict, with a reason, how the missing heavy-traffic mean for 1980–1989 might compare with that for 1990–1999.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1i
Discuss how disposal of e-waste could affect children’s blood lead concentrations, using the datasets.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
A cheek-cell preparation also contains single cells much smaller than the epithelial cells. Predict what these smaller cells could be, giving a reason.
Zadanie 1e
Explain what the transparency plots suggest about the relationship between water clarity and fish species richness.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Predict one possible effect of climatic warming on the cool-region fish community.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Suggest ecosystem changes that could follow an increase to850ppm.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Suggest why growth in the tanks exceeds growth in the field.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4b
In a hypothetical degenerative condition, abnormal proteins accumulate inside neurons and around their terminals. Predict one effect on neuron function.
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Zadanie 5a
Mammals use olfactory receptor cells to detect odours. Describe two features these cells need for this role.
Zadanie 5b
An odour provides information about the surrounding environment. Suggest two mammalian behaviours that could change when a particular odour is detected.
Zadanie 5c
A hypothetical comparison includes thirteen placental mammal species. Species I-M are primates. Suggest two reasons for the lower counts in the primate group.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7a
Microbial cultures can be used to manufacture useful substances. State one advantage of using microorganisms for this purpose.
Zadanie 8
A hypothetical crop tolerates herbicide J. The model survey records weed species resistant to J. Suggest environmental problems that could result from the trend.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9a
A hypothetical crop is engineered to resist herbicide H. H kills susceptible weeds and is readily broken down by soil microorganisms. Explain two advantages of growing the resistant crop.
Zadanie 9b
A hypothetical crop is engineered to resist herbicide H. H kills susceptible weeds and is readily broken down by soil microorganisms. A model survey follows adoption of the resistance trait in two crops. (i) Identify the first year in which the percentage for…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9a
Evaluate whether acid K could control formation of the surface community.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9b
Suggest a reason for the effect of acid K.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10
The mouth can contain many bacterial cells. Suggest one reason for their abundance.
Zadanie 11c
Describe two other environmental factors that could affect their distribution, explaining the role of each.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12b
Deduce whether the graph demonstrates that growth in human population causes growth in bird S population.
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Zadanie 13
A severe fire occurs on a hillside. Outline how this can increase soil erosion.
Zadanie 13a
In a hypothetical coastal reserve, a predatory fish arrives from another ocean and establishes a growing population on reefs. Discuss possible effects of this introduction.
Zadanie 14b
A simplified model represents a coastal food web. In another coastal system, an introduced predator is followed by a decline in an invasive consumer. Discuss whether such biological control should be used.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16a
A hypothetical outbreak of a waterborne intestinal infection produces the hospital-admission pattern shown. Suggest one reason for this age distribution.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 17
An intestinal infection causes severe diarrhoea. Suggest how this condition could become fatal.
Zadanie 18a
A research team compares deaths from coronary heart disease between groups of adults. Suggest one factor that could contribute to a difference between male and female groups.
Zadanie 18b
The team also plans comparisons between population groups with different cultural and social backgrounds. Explain why these comparisons could help the investigation.
Zadanie 19
The tables form a hypothetical nutrition exercise, not dietary recommendations. (i) Calculate the percentage of the model daily sodium maximum consumed by a30-year-old who eats48crackers. (ii) Outline one nutritional concern if a child eats large quantities of…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 1b
Outline why the researchers could have stopped the one-cup trials earlier.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Suggest why cooperation differs between the arrangements.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Suggest a reason for the observed pattern of competition.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1i
Evaluate the claim that natural selection may favour competition in some circumstances.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1c
Suggest why the concentration study included only the water extract of leaf E.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
Evaluate the evidence for health benefits from adding dried leaf B to the diet.
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Zadanie 1e
Explain one improvement to the method.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3c
Outline how each treatment could prevent browning: (i) applying lemon juice; (ii) covering the surface tightly with plastic film.
Zadanie 4b
At low magnification, a section of tissue shows large arteries and veins but no capillaries can be resolved. Suggest why capillaries are not visible.
Zadanie 8b
Suggest one advantage of using microorganisms in this process.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10
A hypothetical bacterial strain is tested for removal of methylmercury from a culture. Bars show methylmercury concentration; lines show growth with and without methylmercury. Error bars on growth are model SDs. Evaluate whether the strain could be useful for…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11
Suggest two factors that could affect antibiotic action on this community.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12c
(i) Analyse the effect of grazers on species richness. (ii) Suggest reasons for an increase in richness.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12d
Suggest one implication for planning in situ conservation of tundra plants.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 13
In a hypothetical woodland, a seed-eating rodent stores tree seeds underground. Some stored seeds are never recovered. (i) Describe how both the rodent and tree can benefit. (ii) Identify the rodent’s trophic level when eating these seeds.
Zadanie 15b
Two conceptual models compare nutrient stores and flows in biomes. Deduce which nutrient store is represented by Z, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 17
A hypothetical farming programme proposes introducing a predator from another region to suppress a crop pest. Evaluate introducing an alien species as biological pest control.
Zadanie 1d
Suggest reasons for the association between walkability and activity inequality.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Suggest two hypotheses that could account for the association between step count and obesity prevalence.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1h
Using only these datasets, suggest two strategies that could reduce obesity prevalence.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
State the purpose of the limewater in vessel B.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
The plant chamber is now exposed to bright light. Predict with a reason the appearance of the limewater in C after one hour under conditions permitting active photosynthesis.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Comment on the count data available for Z.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Evaluate the evidence in the stacked graph for the hypothesis that W causes low BMI.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1g
In this model population, inflammatory disease becomes more prevalent with increasing BMI, and Y is associated with more disease at each BMI. Discuss whether treatment L could reduce inflammatory disease, using the pie-chart evidence.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Suggest why the observed numbers do not exactly match the predicted ratio.
Zadanie 5a
The model data compare total photoreceptor density in two mammals at several retinal positions. Suggest whether these data establish that mammal A has better colour vision than mammal B.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 6a
Comment on the claim that some complex skills are learned more readily early in life, using the data.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 8a
A sealed microbial digester converts organic waste into biogas. State one suitable source of organic material for this process.
Zadanie 8b
A microbial biogas digester leaves a solid and liquid organic residue. State one useful application of this residue.
Zadanie 8
Sensory cells register movement of the head. Identify the receptor class involved.
Zadanie 9a
Cut pear tissue normally darkens when oxygen is available because a polyphenol-oxidizing enzyme converts colourless compounds to pigments. A modified line shows no darkening under the same conditions. Suggest why the modified tissue does not darken.
Zadanie 10
A model cleaning trial compares a microbial cleaning product, bacteriophages and their combination against a water control on contaminated surfaces. Deduce which treatment is most effective, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11a
A crop line is resistant to a herbicide used against weeds in the same field. Outline one benefit of cultivating the resistant crop.
Zadanie 11b
In a model region, cultivation of herbicide-resistant crops expanded during the period shown. The chart records the cumulative number of weed species reported resistant to that herbicide. Comment on environmental consequences of widespread use of these crops.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12b
Evaluate recirculating tanks rather than flow-through tanks for fish grown at high density.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12
Water, sediment and material scraped from rock biofilms are sampled at two river locations. E. coli is a faecal bacterium. Standardized sample preparations are compared, with variability shown by error bars. (i) Suggest a reason for the difference between the…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 14b
New mineral ground in a cold northern valley is gradually colonized by plants. Much of the subsoil remains frozen throughout the year. Outline processes that can increase soil depth over time.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16a
A constructed marine survey compares hydrophobic PCB pollutants in organisms. Error bars represent variability among samples. (i) Suggest why mussels have a mean trophic level between 2 and 3. (ii) Predict one possible consequence if orcas disappear from this…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 17
The schematic represents an absorptive cell in the intestinal lining. Describe how the structures marked X support this cell’s function.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1f
Informacja do zadań 1 a-1 f. The following datasets are hypothetical models of a severe wildfire season in a coastal region. Fires were particularly widespread from November to January. Five independent programmes estimate the carbon dioxide released during…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
In another observation, more rapid photosynthesis is associated with rising water pH. Suggest an explanation.
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Zadanie 3a
State one function of valve X.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3c
Explain the gradual decrease in the trace baseline during normal resting breathing.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4b
A comparison shows that the cerebral cortex in a human brain is highly folded, whereas in a small mammal it is relatively smooth. Explain the advantage of the greater folding.
Zadanie 7
The supplied sequence shows neurulation in a vertebrate embryo. The neural tube later contributes to the brain and spinal cord. Describe the changes shown during neurulation.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9a
In a hypothetical region, crops resistant to a herbicide H are introduced during the survey period. The graph shows subsequent use and confirmed resistant-weed records. Suggest one reason for the increasing occurrence of resistant weeds.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9b
A simulated observational study combines annual records from many hospitals over20years. It relates regional use of a hypothetical agricultural chemical H to reported health outcomes. The figures below are invented for evaluating evidence; they are not…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 9
A constructed survey follows weeds resistant to herbicide H after resistant crops become widely used. The chart gives cumulative confirmed species counts. (i) Identify the year with the greatest number of newly recorded resistant species across all regions.…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 11b
Suggest a reason for this difference.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12
Four islands in an isolated archipelago are shown at a common scale. Predict which island might have the greatest biodiversity, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 14b
The bird population declines because of road deaths, introduced predators and habitat damage. Deduce two possible effects on tree R.
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Zadanie 14a
Discuss how the results might affect escape from predators in nature.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 15
A hypothetical survey includes4860adult women. The table reports the percentage in each supplied body-mass category with each chronic condition. These constructed data are for interpreting observational evidence, not clinical estimates. Evaluate the evidence…
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 15a
After surrounding land is cleared, three forest patches remain with the same total area. Predict which patch might retain the most bird species native to the forest, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 16a
Deduce how each compound would affect stomach pH.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 19
Liver cells (hepatocytes) exchange substances with blood in adjacent sinusoids. Some substances are detoxified inside the cells before the resulting products are transported elsewhere. Draw arrows showing (i) the movement of oxygen to a hepatocyte, and (ii)…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 25
Amylase hydrolyses starch into maltose. A closed length of standard dialysis tubing contains starch and amylase, with no maltose initially. It is placed in distilled water as shown. Predict the changes after 45 minutes. Each answer lists: starch outside;…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 25
Amylase hydrolyses starch into maltose. A closed length of standard dialysis tubing contains starch and amylase, with no maltose initially. It is placed in distilled water as shown. Predict the changes after 45 minutes. Each answer lists: starch outside;…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1e
Suggest, with a reason, how activity might change as ambient temperature increases.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1a
(i) State the cumulative increase in control-colony mass at week 7. (ii) Compare and contrast colony-mass gains after transfer outdoors. (iii) Suggest a reason for the mass changes between weeks 6 and 8.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1b
Using the queen-production data, predict the effect of pesticide A on bumblebee populations.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1d
Deduce whether the tested agriculture-range exposures directly harm B. hypnorum, using the evidence.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3b
Outline why a short interval could give a misleading impression of long-term climate change.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4
Two nutrient-broth cultures are held in identical open swan-neck flasks that admit air but trap airborne particles. Broth in P is boiled first; broth in Q is not. After six days P remains clear while Q contains many microorganisms. Which conclusion is…
Zadanie 12
At 320 µL L⁻¹ CO₂ on the low-illumination curve, which factor is shown to limit the rate? Temperature is held constant. A. Carbon dioxide alone, because adding more immediately increases that curve B. Light availability, because stronger illumination increases…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 13
The following rounded gene counts are illustrative estimates. Which interpretation is justified? Organism | Approximate gene count Bacterium | 4100 Yeast | 6100 Nematode | 20000 Mouse | 22000 Flowering plant | 31000 Human | 21000 A. The plant must produce…
Zadanie 17
Quadrats are scored for the presence of two grassland plants. A chi-squared test of association gives χ2 = 1.87; the critical value at the chosen significance level is 3.84. What conclusion is justified? A. The two plants are proved to occupy identical…
Zadanie 1g
Suggest a reason why less mixture is consumed at 20:1 than at 40:1.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 1i
Suggest, with a reason, which mixture is closest to a suitable natural diet.
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Zadanie 1j
Discuss whether these studies show that habitat loss can affect global bumblebee numbers.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5
In a model investigation, lipids extracted from membranes are spread as a single molecular layer. The areas are shown. Which arrangement best accounts for the result and the contact of both membrane surfaces with water? Circles represent polar heads and paired…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 9
Three microbial amylases are compared using equal enzyme concentrations at the same temperature. Which conclusion follows from these constructed results? A. Q has the highest optimum pH B. P has its highest measured rate at pH 7 C. R is inactive at every…
- Materiał graficzny