Zadanie 1g, Paper 2, maj 2023, TZ2, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, May 2023, TZ2, pytanie 1(g). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Wspólne informacje do wiązki zadań
These constructed datasets model an observational investigation of gut bacteria. Four recurring community types, called enterotypes W, X, Y and Z, differ in their composition. Taxa A–E are coded bacterial genera; the remaining genera are grouped as other taxa. In this hypothetical population, enterotype Y is associated with more intestinal inflammatory disease.
Forty faecal samples are frozen immediately after collection. Bacterial cells are later counted and the enterotype determined.
A separate observational sample of 860 adults provides enterotypes and body mass index (BMI). The stacked curves show how each enterotype’s prevalence varies with BMI; the thickness of each band gives its prevalence.
The same adults are grouped by BMI and use of a hypothetical lipid-lowering treatment L. The pie charts summarize prevalence.
Polecenie
In this model population, inflammatory disease becomes more prevalent with increasing BMI, and Y is associated with more disease at each BMI. Discuss whether treatment L could reduce inflammatory disease, using the pie-chart evidence.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
Data: the high-BMI group without L has the greatest Y prevalence OR Y prevalence is lower with L among high-BMI adults OR lower BMI is associated with less Y when L is absent. ✔
Discussion: the high-BMI association could be consistent with less disease OR the data do not establish that L changes an individual’s enterotype OR in the low-BMI group Y is more prevalent with L, so an effect is not uniform and could differ by BMI. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Award 1 for a valid data statement and 1 for a linked discussion, maximum 2. Do not present this observational model as a prescribing recommendation.