Zadanie 1h, Paper 2, listopad 2024, TZ2, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, November 2024, TZ2, pytanie 1(h). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Wspólne informacje do wiązki zadań
All results are constructed models, not evidence about a real food or treatment. Insulin resistance can cause persistently raised blood glucose. An intestinal enzyme, alpha-glucosidase, releases glucose from carbohydrate substrates. Reducing its activity could slow glucose absorption. Researchers prepared water and ethanol extracts from five edible leaf varieties labelled A–E, added them to a maltose-enzyme mixture and measured glucose production.
PowiększSelected extracts were then tested at four concentrations.
PowiększSixty genetically obese diabetic mice of similar starting age and mass received one of three dried-leaf diets or a control. The diets contained equal total food masses and equal leaf masses where included.
| Week | Leaf E: mean mass / g | Leaf B: mean mass / g | Leaf A: mean mass / g | Control: mean mass / g |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31.2 | 31.0 | 31.3 | 31.1 |
| 4 | 34.8 | 31.1 | 33.5 | 35.4 |
| 6 | 36.2 | 31.0 | 36.1 | 38.7 |
| 9 | 37.9 | 32.4 | 37.2 | 40.1 |
| 13 | 38.1 | 33.6 | 39.8 | 42.4 |
HbA1c forms when circulating glucose binds to haemoglobin. A higher percentage indicates more prolonged exposure to raised blood glucose. The groups started at similar HbA1c levels, measured after an eight-hour fast.
PowiększPolecenie
Evaluate the evidence for health benefits from adding dried leaf B to the diet.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
Body-mass gain is smaller, consistent with reduced progression of obesity. ✔
Lower HbA1c suggests less prolonged elevation of blood glucose. ✔
These effects could reduce progression of diabetes. ✔
B does not inhibit alpha-glucosidase in the assay. ✔
Thus the proposed slowing of glucose release or absorption is not supported by that assay. ✔
Mouse results may not transfer to humans OR other factors such as activity or adverse effects are not assessed. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Any 3 distinct reasoned points, with at most 2 supporting benefit and at most 2 limitations; maximum 3.