Zadanie 1b, Paper 2, maj 2025, TZ2, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, May 2025, TZ2, pytanie 1(b). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Wspólne informacje do wiązki zadań
A constructed coastal-food-web study investigates a crab introduced outside its native range. It eats hard-shelled bivalves and small, mobile crustaceans. The males have larger claws than the females. Twelve crabs of each sex are observed for ten hours in single-prey trials and in mixed-prey trials with both prey types. The graph shows mean consumption and variability among crabs.
The following table gives pooled counts and an illustrative chi-squared comparison of prey proportions between treatments.
| Sex | Single: bivalves | Single: crustaceans | Mixed: bivalves | Mixed: crustaceans | χ² | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 60 | 36 | 54 | 24 | 0.863 | 0.353 |
| Female | 6 | 42 | 6 | 36 | 0.062 | 0.804 |
Polecenie
(i) Calculate the percentage decrease in crustaceans consumed by males in mixed-prey trials relative to single-prey trials.
(ii) Deduce which sex has the more flexible prey choice, giving a reason.
(iii) Using the available data, justify the conclusion that the treatment differences are not statistically significant for either sex at the 5% level.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(i) (36 − 24) / 36 × 100 = 33.3%. ✔
(ii) Males, because they readily consume both prey types; females consume few bivalves even when those are the only prey offered. ✔
(iii) Both p values exceed 0.05. ✔
The χ² values are below the 1-df 5% critical value of about3.84; comparison with a suitable critical value provides an alternative check. ✔
Large variability/error bars make small mean differences difficult to distinguish; this is supporting visual evidence, not a significance test by itself. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part(i):1; accept33% rounding. Part(ii):1 for sex plus reason. Part(iii):any2 valid points, max2; no critical value is supplied, so stating that a reference critical value is needed for a direct χ² comparison is acceptable. The supplied p values do allow significance to be judged. Total4.