Zadanie 8, Paper 2, maj 2025, TZ2, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, May 2025, TZ2, pytanie 8. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
Consider connections between biological processes at different levels of organization.
(a) Outline how mitosis preserves hereditary information in new cells.
(b) Describe the role of DNA variation in speciation.
(c) Explain the genetic basis of inheritance patterns in sexually reproducing organisms.
One additional mark is available for clear, concise communication.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(a)
DNA is copied during interphase before mitosis. ✔
Each replicated chromosome contains two sister chromatids. ✔
Sister chromatids separate during anaphase. ✔
Each daughter cell receives a copy of the original chromosome complement. ✔
The daughter cells are genetically equivalent OR retain the chromosome number. ✔
(b)
Speciation divides an ancestral species into distinct species. ✔
Members of a species share most of their genome OR there is some DNA/allele variation within a species. ✔
Mutation OR meiotic recombination generates genetic variation. ✔
Heritable variants pass to offspring in reproduction. ✔
Selection changes the representation of favourable and unfavourable inherited variants. ✔
Geographic or reproductive isolation can permit divergence and speciation. ✔
(c)
Parents pass hereditary information through gametes. ✔
DNA is copied and transmitted to offspring. ✔
Diploid individuals normally carry two alleles at an autosomal locus. ✔
Alleles can show dominance OR recessiveness. ✔
A dominant phenotype can occur in a homozygote or heterozygote. ✔
An autosomal recessive phenotype normally requires two recessive copies. ✔
Unaffected heterozygous parents can have an affected recessive offspring. ✔
Alleles can show codominance or incomplete dominance. ✔
A population may contain multiple alleles at one locus. ✔
Polygenic inheritance, often with environmental influences, can produce continuous variation. ✔
Genes on sex chromosomes show sex-linked inheritance. ✔
Genes close together on the same autosome can be inherited together. ✔
Mutation can produce new alleles. ✔
Quality: the whole answer is clear on first reading, focused and concise. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part(a): any3, maximum3; Part(b): any4, maximum4; Part(c): any8, maximum8. One holistic communication mark; total16. Autosomal linkage is an optional valid extension from the source key, not required SL knowledge; full8 marks in(c) are available from the other points.
Umiejętności w zadaniu
- Isolation and divergent selectionĆwicz podobne
- Dominant and recessive phenotype patternsĆwicz podobne
- Parental allele transmission through gametesĆwicz podobne
- Sex chromosomes and inherited traitsĆwicz podobne
- Intermediate and dual heterozygote phenotypesĆwicz podobne
- Allele combinations and genotype notationĆwicz podobne
- Polygenes, environment and continuous variationĆwicz podobne
- Replicated chromosomes before nuclear divisionĆwicz podobne
- Many population alleles but two individual copiesĆwicz podobne
- Packaging and moving chromosomesĆwicz podobne
- Sequence of events in mitosisĆwicz podobne