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Dodaj cały arkusz do zestawuWhich phenomenon depends most directly on water adhering to a solid surface? A. A lake resisting rapid temperature changes B. Water rising through narrow pores between soil particles C. Sweat absorbing heat as it evaporates D. Ions becoming surrounded by…
A steroid hormone has a largely non-polar fused-ring skeleton. Which route allows it to enter a target cell? A. Passage through a sodium-selective channel B. Diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer C. Movement exclusively through a water-filled pore D.…
A nutrition table classifies leucine and threonine as essential, and alanine and glutamate as non-essential. Which conclusion follows for a healthy adult? A. Threonine needs a dietary supply B. Leucine is synthesized in adequate quantities from any other amino…
Which pair gives the main end products of aerobic respiration and lactate fermentation in human cells? A. Aerobic: CO₂ only; fermentation: ethanol B. Aerobic: CO₂ and water; fermentation: lactate C. Aerobic: lactate; fermentation: ethanol and CO₂ D. Aerobic:…
For this ordinary temperate plant, assume the optimum is above26°C and below45°C. Other factors remain suitable. Which extension towards70°C is most plausible? A. The rate increases without limit B. The rate immediately falls to zero at27°C and then rises C.…
What consequence follows from several codons specifying the same amino acid? A. Every codon specifies several amino acids B. Every substitution destroys a protein C. A ribosome can translate a codon without tRNA D. Some substitutions leave the amino-acid…
Which bond changes are associated with DNA replication? A. Both enzymes form peptide bonds B. Polymerase forms phosphodiester links; helicase disrupts base-pair hydrogen bonding C. Polymerase forms base-pair hydrogen bonds; helicase breaks the sugar backbone…
Which shared feature makes mature mammalian erythrocytes and angiosperm sieve-tube elements atypical eukaryotic cells? A. A peptidoglycan wall B. No plasma membrane C. No cytoplasm D. Absence of a nucleus
The diagram shows several products of one adult stem-cell lineage. Which classification and location fit the cell? A. Multipotent; bone marrow B. Pluripotent; mature erythrocyte C. Totipotent; bone marrow D. Totipotent; circulating plasma
Which structure is a discrete intracellular organelle? A. Cellulose cell wall B. Golgi apparatus C. Cytosol D. Extracellular collagen fibre
Myelinated fibres X,Y,Z conduct at6,45 and95m/s respectively. Which hypothesis could explain Z’s higher speed? A. Z has a much longer total axon B. Z has a larger axon diameter C. Z lacks nodes of Ranvier D. Z has the smallest diameter
Which process commonly partitions cytoplasm unequally between a parent cell and its offspring? A. Fusion of two gametes B. Binary fission into similar bacterial cells C. Budding in yeast D. Symmetric mitotic division of a lymphocyte
Under the biological species concept, which observation is decisive for membership of one species? I. Occupying the same habitat II. Looking similar III. Interbreeding to produce fertile offspring A. I, II and III are all required B. I and II C. III only D. II…
Which event initiates a specific antibody-producing response? A. Activation of a matching B cell by antigen and helper-T-cell signals B. Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin C. Contraction of a skeletal muscle D. Release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
In a withdrawal reflex, where would a sensory neuron synapse with a relay neuron in the spinal cord? A. Q B. S C. P D. R
Which response explains the higher ventilation at raised blood carbon dioxide in this model? A. Chemoreceptor input reflecting increased acidity drives stronger respiratory muscle activity through the brainstem B. The pituitary directly pumps air into the…
Which arrangement most strongly requires pollen transfer between different plants? A. Male and female flowers occur on separate individuals B. Pollen lands on the stigma of its own flower C. Anthers and stigmas mature together in one flower D. A flower…
Cold exposure increases activity in adult brown adipose tissue. How does this tissue generate heat? A. It stops respiration to trap oxygen B. It converts every fat cell into an insulating keratin layer C. It oxidizes stored fuel while uncoupling much of…
Genetically matched butterfly larvae develop different adult wing pigmentation when reared at18°C and27°C. The response is phenotypic plasticity. Which explanation fits? A. Temperature alters expression of pigmentation-related genes B. The two groups must…
Why might a species receive high priority in the EDGE of Existence approach? A. It is necessarily the largest predator in its habitat B. It always lives along the edge of a forest C. It is evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered D. It has many close…
Which pair of human activities could best account for the change in these model land-cover maps? A. Afforestation and protection of old woodland B. Natural regeneration and planting native trees C. Rewilding and forest restoration D. Timber clearance and…
A mangrove leaf has glands that export salt to its surface. What benefit does this provide? A. It necessarily attracts more herbivores B. It helps maintain internal ion concentrations compatible with metabolism C. It prevents every water molecule entering the…
Which labelled organism is a mixotroph according to the energy-flow diagram? A. Grazer Z B. Organism Y C. Bacteria D. Organism X
Identify the processes at W and Z. A. W: photosynthesis; Z: decomposition B. W: respiration; Z: decomposition C. W: respiration; Z: combustion D. W: photosynthesis; Z: combustion
Rhizobial bacteria live in root nodules of a legume. Which exchange makes this association mutualistic? A. Bacteria obtain oxygen and supply all carbon needed by the plant B. Bacteria consume all plant nitrogen and provide no benefit C. The plant consumes…
Which organism acts as both a secondary and a tertiary consumer in different chains? A. C B. D C. A D. B
Which change can reinforce warming after a temperature rise? A. A reduction in fossil-fuel use lowers CO₂ emissions B. Thawing permafrost releases methane and CO₂ C. Restored forest takes up additional CO₂ D. Peat accumulation locks carbon away
Repeated nitrate runoff stimulates a lake algal bloom, followed by increased decomposition. What is expected? A. Conversion of nitrates into persistent plastic B. Greater biochemical oxygen demand C. A universal increase in shell calcium carbonate D. Immediate…
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