Zadanie 6, Paper 2, maj 2026, TZ1, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, May 2026, TZ1, pytanie 6. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
Living systems display diversity from molecules to communities.
(a) Outline how the structures of starch and cellulose support their functions.
(b) Describe adaptations through which forest plants obtain light.
(c) Explain how natural selection brings about evolutionary change.
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Pokaż rozwiązanieUkryj rozwiązanieKlucz i punktacja
Odpowiedź z klucza
(a) Starch provides an energy reserve. ✔
Its structure is compact through coiling/branching, OR its large molecules are poorly soluble, OR it is made of alpha-glucose (adding or removing units may be mentioned). ✔
Cellulose strengthens plant walls, OR provides dietary fibre because humans lack the appropriate digestive enzyme. ✔
Beta-glucose forms straight cellulose chains, OR alternating monomer orientation produces straight chains. ✔
(b) Light supplies energy for photosynthesis. ✔
Tall tree growth brings foliage above competitors. ✔
Ground-rooted climbers use trunks as supports to reach higher light levels. ✔
Epiphytes establish on branches with better light access. ✔
Strangler epiphytes begin high in the canopy and can overgrow their host. ✔
Shade-tolerant species exploit weak light or the wavelengths available below the canopy. ✔
Large leaves, more chloroplasts, lateral spread or leaf arrangements that limit mutual shading improve interception. ✔
(c) Individuals in a population differ. ✔
Mutation or sexual recombination generates variation. ✔
Selection pressures act on the population, OR its environmental conditions change. ✔
Some variants are better suited to those conditions. ✔
More offspring are produced than resources can support. ✔
Individuals therefore compete. ✔
Better-adapted individuals tend to survive and reproduce more. ✔
They transmit heritable traits to offspring. ✔
The corresponding favourable alleles or traits become more frequent. ✔
The population consequently changes over generations. ✔
Schemat punktowania
(a) Award 1 function and 1 structural point for each polymer, maximum 4. (b) Award any 4 points, maximum 4. (c) Award any 7 points, maximum 7. Quality: award 1 additional mark when the whole response is clear on first reading, concise and substantially free of irrelevant repetition. Judge quality independently of content. Maximum 16 overall.