Wzorowane na: Chemistry HL Paper 1B, November 2025, TZ1, pytanie 3(f). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
Informacja do zadań 3a-3f.
A student used paper chromatography to find out which coloured dyes had been mixed to make the brown ink of a marker pen, and to compare the polarities of those dyes. A spot of the ink was placed on the start line of each of two identical paper strips. The start line was drawn in pencil 1.5 cm from the bottom edge of the strip, and each strip was placed in a covered beaker containing a different solvent system, both mixtures of ethanol and water. System 1 was 25 % ethanol and 75 % water by volume; system 2 was 75 % ethanol and 25 % water by volume. Each run gave four coloured spots. The positions of the start line, the solvent front and the spots were measured from the bottom edge of each strip.
| Position measured from the bottom edge / cm | System 1 (25 % ethanol) | System 2 (75 % ethanol) |
|---|---|---|
| Start line | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Solvent front | 17.5 | 15.5 |
| Violet spot | 16.2 | 5.6 |
| Blue spot | 14.1 | 11.3 |
| Orange spot | 11.1 | 7.8 |
| Yellow spot | 3.3 | 3.0 |
Explain how the dyes are separated from one another in paper chromatography.
each dye is repeatedly adsorbed onto the paper/stationary phase and redissolved in the solvent/mobile phase
OR
a dye moves only while it is dissolved in the mobile phase AND stops while it is held on the paper ✔
the dyes differ in their relative attraction to the mobile phase and the stationary phase «different solubility in the solvent, different intermolecular forces with the water on the cellulose, different polarity», so they move at different rates ✔
M1: the continuous adsorption and desorption (or partition/equilibrium) of the dye between the two phases. M2: the dyes have different affinities for the two phases (accept an answer in terms of different solubilities in the two phases, or of polarity). Answers in terms of an equilibrium or partition between the phases are accepted for M1.
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Policz na kartce jak na maturze, odsłoń klucz i porównaj. Potem odhacz, żeby wiedzieć, co masz już za sobą.
ZrobioneOdhaczanie zapisuje się na Twoim koncie, więc wymaga darmowego konta. Zajmuje chwilę i wracasz do tego samego zadania.