The covalent model

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ1wzorowane4 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 1c

The final step can be summarized as: 3 NO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → 2 HNO₃(aq) + NO(g) ΔH^⊖ = −138 kJ mol⁻¹ (i) Sketch an energy profile for the overall reaction, indicating ΔH^⊖ and the activation energy. (ii) Describe the…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ1wzorowane6 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 1d

Nitric acid, HNO₃, is strong, while nitrous acid, HNO₂, is weak. (i) Outline the difference between a strong and a weak acid. (ii) Deduce the Lewis formula and the molecular geometry for the nitrite ion, NO₂⁻. (iii) State the hybridization…

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ2wzorowane6 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 1b

Sulfapyridine is an antibacterial drug. Its structure is shown below. C₁₁H₁₁N₃O₂S M_r = 249.32 (i) Deduce the hybridization of the nitrogen atom that is part of a ring. (ii) Describe how the sigma (σ) and pi (π) components of an…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ1wzorowane4 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2c

(i) Write the equation for the reaction of Rb with water, H₂O, including state symbols. (ii) Describe the type of bonding in Rb and in H₂O, and explain how the valence electrons in each produce that type of bond.

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ2wzorowane9 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2a

Iodine crystals, I₂(s), were sealed in a flask and left until an equilibrium was reached with violet vapour above the crystals. I₂(s) ⇌ I₂(g) (i) Name the change of state from I₂(s) to I₂(g) and state the type of force between…

Chemia IBPaper 1B, maj 2026, TZ3wzorowane1 pktotwartełatwe (szac.)

Zadanie 2a

The structure of lycopene is shown. To separate the lycopene, the filtered juice was shaken in a separating funnel with heptane, C₇H₁₆, and the mixture was left to form two immiscible layers, which were run into separate flasks. Predict which layer will…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ3wzorowane7 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2a

(i) Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide by nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere. Determine the enthalpy change, ΔH^⊖, in kJ mol⁻¹, for the reaction SO₂(g) + NO₂(g) → SO₃(g) + NO(g) given these reactions and enthalpy…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ1wzorowane11 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 3c

Pentan-2-ol can form by reacting pent-1-ene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. CH₂=CHCH₂CH₂CH₃(g) + H₂O(l) → CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₂CH₃(aq) ΔH^⊖ = −84 kJ mol⁻¹ (i) The first step of the mechanism for the formation of…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ3wzorowane5 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 4c

(i) State the names of the organic compounds used to produce the ester shown below. (ii) State the name of the by-product of this reaction. (iii) The compounds butan-1-ol and ethoxyethane have the same molar mass. Their structures are shown below. Explain,…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ3wzorowane12 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 4e

(i) Explain why 1,2-dichloroethene, ClCH=CHCl, has two stereoisomers but 1,1-dichloroethene, CH₂=CCl₂, does not. (ii) State the hybridization of the carbon atoms in propene, CH₃CH=CH₂. (iii) Predict the number of signals and the relative…