Draw curly-arrow mechanisms for the electrophilic addition of halogens, hydrogen halides and water to symmetrical alkenes, showing the polarization or induced dipole in the electrophile, the carbocation intermediate and the final attack by the anion.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 17 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Pentan-2-ol can form by reacting pent-1-ene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3(g) + H2O(l) → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3(aq) ΔH⊖ = −84 kJ mol−1 (i) The first step of the mechanism for the formation of…
(i) Explain why 1,2-dichloroethene, ClCH=CHCl, has two stereoisomers but 1,1-dichloroethene, CH2=CCl2, does not. (ii) State the hybridization of the carbon atoms in propene, CH3CH=CH2. (iii) Predict the number of signals and the relative…
Which statements about the reaction of hydrogen bromide with 2-methylpropene are correct? I. A tertiary carbocation is formed as an intermediate. II. The major product is a primary halogenoalkane. III. The first step of the mechanism is attack of an…
But-2-ene and other alkenes serve as starting materials for a wide range of compounds. (i) Predict the product formed when but-2-ene reacts with bromine. (ii) Describe how this reaction proceeds at the mechanistic level, drawing curly arrows for each…
Which compound is the major product when 2-methylpropene, (CH3)2C=CH2, reacts with hydrogen chloride, HCl? A. (CH3)3CCl B. (CH3)2CHCH2Cl C. CH3CHClCH2CH3 D. (CH3)2CClCH2Cl
Oxidation of cyclohexanol, C6H11OH, gives cyclohexanone. Cyclohexanol itself is made by adding water to a compound H. Draw the structure of H.
What is the major product formed when bromine, Br2, reacts with but-1-ene in an inert solvent? A. 2,2-dibromobutane B. 2-bromobutane C. 1,2-dibromobutane D. 1-bromobutane
2-Methylbut-1-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide, HBr, to give two structural isomers of C5H11Br. (i) Deduce which of the two isomers is formed in the larger amount and explain your choice. (ii) Using curly arrows to show the movement of electron pairs,…
Identify the type of reaction.
Two products are possible in this reaction. (i) Explain the mechanism for the formation of the major product, using curly arrows to show the movement of electron pairs. (ii) Explain why the mechanism results in one product being formed in greater quantity than…
What is the correct order of reaction types in the following sequence? A. I: addition; II: substitution; III: oxidation B. I: substitution; II: addition; III: oxidation C. I: addition; II:…
Which of the following pairs of reactants could form the carbocation intermediate shown? I. (CH3)2C=CHCH3 and HBr II. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2Br and H2O III. CH3CH2C(CH3)2Br and H2O A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and…
Butanone can be synthesized from but-1-ene in a two-stage process. In the first stage but-1-ene reacts with water and sulfuric acid to form an intermediate compound X. In the second stage X reacts with reagent B to form butanone. (i) Draw the structural…
Which compound is the major product of the reaction between hydrogen bromide and 2-methylbut-1-ene, CH2=C(CH3)CH2CH3? A. 1-bromo-2-methylbutane B. 2-bromo-3-methylbutane C. 1,2-dibromo-2-methylbutane D. 2-bromo-2-methylbutane
Which compound reacts with HBr to form 2-bromo-2-methylbutane as the major product? A. Pent-2-ene B. 2-Methylbut-2-ene C. Pent-1-ene D. Cyclopentene
Compound B can also be made by the hydration of an alkene. The same reaction also gives a smaller amount of the isomer 3-methylbutan-2-ol, (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. (i) Draw the structural formula of the alkene that is needed. (ii) Explain why the reaction…
(i) Write the equation for the reaction between hex-3-ene and hydrogen bromide. (ii) State the type of reaction in (i). (iii) Suggest two differences between the NMR spectra of hex-3-ene and of the organic product in (i). Use section 21 of the data…
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