Draw the repeating unit of a polyester or polyamide from given monomers with two functional groups, identify the small molecule released, and recognise that biological macromolecules form by condensation and break down by hydrolysis.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 17 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2023–2026.
Pentan-2-ol can form by reacting pent-1-ene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3(g) + H2O(l) → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3(aq) ΔH⊖ = −84 kJ mol−1 (i) The first step of the mechanism for the formation of…
Which pair of compounds could react together in a condensation reaction that produces water? A. CH3CH2CH3 and Cl2 B. CH3CH=CH2 and HBr C. CH3CH2Cl and NH3 D. CH3CH2COOH and CH3CH2CH2OH
A segment of a condensation polymer is shown. Which statement is correct about one of the monomers from which this polymer is made? A. It is H2N(CH2)6NH2 B. It is H2N(CH2)4NH2 C. It is HOOC(CH2)6COOH D. It is H2N(CH2)5COOH
Kevlar is a condensation polymer. Deduce the structures of the two monomers from which Kevlar is made.
(i) Hexanedioic acid reacts with hexane-1,6-diamine, H2N(CH2)6NH2. State the type of polymer that is formed. (ii) Draw one repeating unit of the polymer's structure.
An ester used as a pear flavouring is made by heating ethanoic acid with propan-1-ol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid: CH3COOH + CH3CH2CH2OH → CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + X (i) Identify the type of reaction. (ii) Identify the second product, X, of…
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) is a condensation polymer used for dissolving surgical stitches. It is made from two monomers. A short section of the polymer chain is shown; the bonds ending in an asterisk continue the chain. Draw the functional groups needed to…
Glucose molecules are joined together in liver cells to form glycogen, a store of energy in animals. (i) Identify the type of reaction by which glucose forms glycogen, and the small molecule released in the reaction. (iii) State the type of reaction by which…
The amino acids glycine and alanine react together to form a dipeptide. Identify the type of bond that joins the two amino acid residues in the dipeptide.
Nylon-6,6 is a polyamide used to make strong fibres. A section of one chain is shown; asterisks indicate continuation bonds. Compare and contrast the bonding and the intermolecular forces in nylon-6,6 and in graphite.
Poly(chloroethene) is made from the monomer CH2=CHCl by addition polymerization. Nylon-6,6 is made from the monomers H2N(CH2)6NH2 and HOOC(CH2)4COOH by condensation polymerization. Distinguish between these two types of polymerization by…
Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable plastic, is formed from the monomer lactic acid, shown. State the type of polymerization by which PLA forms and the structural feature of lactic acid that makes this type of polymerization possible.
Nomex® is a polyamide used in fire-resistant clothing. It forms when benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid reacts with benzene-1,3-diamine. Draw one repeating unit of Nomex®.
Nomex is a synthetic fibre used in fire-resistant clothing. It is a polyamide formed from the two monomers shown. Draw one repeating unit of Nomex.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids. State the type of bonding that joins the amino acids together along a polypeptide chain.
Sucrose, a disaccharide, forms when a molecule of glucose joins a molecule of fructose. State the type of reaction by which two monosaccharides join to form a disaccharide.
Maltose is a disaccharide made of two glucose units. State the type of reaction in which a disaccharide forms from two monosaccharide molecules.
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