Rank the strengths of London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds for similar molar masses, and use them to explain and compare the boiling points, volatility, solubility and electrical conductivity of covalent substances.
At room temperature hydrogen cyanide is a liquid that evaporates readily, whereas ethyne, , which has almost the same molar mass, is a gas that boils at −84 °C. (i) Draw the Lewis formula of the hydrogen cyanide molecule, showing all valence…
Which row shows the gas and the conditions under which its behaviour is closest to that of an ideal gas? A. Hydrogen fluoride, , at high pressure and low temperature B. Methane, , at high pressure and low temperature C. Hydrogen fluoride,…
Hydrogen fluoride boils at 20 °C, whereas hydrogen chloride boils at −85 °C. Which type of intermolecular force accounts for the much higher boiling point of hydrogen fluoride? A. Hydrogen bonding B. Dipole-dipole forces C. London (dispersion) forces D.…
The boiling points of the five simplest straight-chain primary amines, to , and of the five simplest 1-fluoroalkanes, to , are plotted below against the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. An…