Use the VSEPR model to predict electron domain geometry and molecular geometry for species with two, three or four electron domains, state the bond angles, and explain how lone pairs reduce angles in bent and trigonal pyramidal molecules.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 31 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Nitric acid, HNO3, is strong, while nitrous acid, HNO2, is weak. (i) Outline the difference between a strong and a weak acid. (ii) Deduce the Lewis formula and the molecular geometry for the nitrite ion, NO2−. (iii) State the hybridization…
(i) Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide by nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere. Determine the enthalpy change, ΔH⊖, in kJ mol−1, for the reaction SO2(g) + NO2(g) → SO3(g) + NO(g) given these reactions and enthalpy…
The structure of dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH, is shown. What are the molecular geometries around a carbon atom and around the nitrogen atom? In each option the geometry around carbon is given first and the geometry around nitrogen second. A. Trigonal…
Which statement about diamond, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide is correct? A. The central atoms in carbon dioxide and in silicon dioxide have the same electron domain geometry B. Diamond and carbon dioxide both have high melting points C. Diamond and…
What is the correct electron domain geometry and molecular geometry of SF4? A. Trigonal bipyramidal electron domain geometry, trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry B. Trigonal bipyramidal electron domain geometry, seesaw molecular geometry C.…
What are the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of sulfur hexafluoride, SF6? In each option the electron domain geometry is given first and the molecular geometry second. A. Octahedral, octahedral B. Octahedral, square planar C.…
At room temperature hydrogen cyanide is a liquid that evaporates readily, whereas ethyne, C2H2, which has almost the same molar mass, is a gas that boils at −84 °C. (i) Draw the Lewis formula of the hydrogen cyanide molecule, showing all valence…
Both ionic and covalent bonding are present in sodium ethanedioate, Na2C2O4. (i) Describe both types of chemical bonding present in this compound. Ionic bonding: Covalent bonding: (ii) Deduce a Lewis formula of the ethanedioate ion, C2O42−.…
(i) State the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom. (ii) Draw the Lewis formula of ammonia. (iii) Deduce the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of the ammonia molecule. (iv) Explain why the ammonia molecule is polar.
Which row lists these molecules in order of increasing bond angle? A. NF3, SiH4, HCHO, C2H2 B. SiH4, NF3, HCHO, C2H2 C. NF3, HCHO, SiH4, C2H2 D. C2H2, HCHO,…
Sulfur forms a dichloride, SCl2, and a hexafluoride, SF6. (i) Deduce the Lewis formula of SCl2. (ii) Deduce the molecular geometry of SCl2 and of SF6. (iii) Suggest a value for the bond angle in SCl2.
Which row correctly gives the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of sulfur dichloride, SCl2? A. Trigonal planar electron domain geometry; bent molecular geometry B. Linear electron domain geometry; linear molecular geometry C.…
What are the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of the BrF4− ion? A. Electron domain geometry: tetrahedral; molecular geometry: tetrahedral B. Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal; molecular geometry: seesaw C. Electron domain…
What is the molecular geometry of PCl3F2? A. trigonal bipyramidal B. trigonal planar C. square pyramidal D. pentagonal
(i) Draw a Lewis (electron dot) structure of the nitrite ion. (ii) Deduce the formal charges of the nitrogen atom and of both oxygen atoms, and add them to the structure you drew in (i). (iii) Predict the shape of the ion and the size of the O-N-O bond angle.…
(i) Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure of carbonyl chloride. (ii) Mark the bond polarities on your Lewis structure using the symbols δ+ and δ−. (iii) Explain the shape of the carbonyl chloride molecule and whether it is polar. (iv) State…
Which combination best describes SO32−? A. 4 electron domains around S, trigonal pyramidal, 107° B. 3 electron domains around S, trigonal planar, 120° C. 4 electron domains around S, tetrahedral, 109.5° D. 3 electron domains around…
What is the molecular geometry of XeF4? A. tetrahedral B. see-saw C. octahedral D. square planar
The structure of a compound is shown below. Atom (1) is the nitrogen atom of the ring, atom (2) is the ring carbon bonded to the ethynyl group and atom (3) is the terminal carbon of the ethynyl group. Which row gives the hybridization and the molecular…
(i) State the electron domain geometry of the water molecule. (ii) Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure of water and sketch its 3D molecular shape. (iii) Explain, with reference to the forces between molecules, why water has a higher boiling point than…
The two O-O bonds in ozone have the same length, 1.28 × 10−10 m. For comparison, an O-O single bond is 1.48 × 10−10 m long and an O=O double bond is 1.21 × 10−10 m long. (i) Suggest what the bond…
Which sequence shows the bond angles in H2O, NH3 and BF3 in order of increasing size? A. BF3 < NH3 < H2O B. H2O < NH3 < BF3 C. NH3 < H2O < BF3 D. H2O < BF3 < NH3
Deduce the molecular geometry of COS and of H2S, and state why the two geometries differ.
Deduce the shapes of the CO2 and H2O molecules and explain why they differ.
Aluminium forms a chloride, AlCl3. (i) Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure of the AlCl3 molecule. (ii) Outline why the Lewis structure of AlCl3 is an exception to the octet rule.
What are the hybridization of the carbon atom in carbon dioxide and the O-C-O bond angle? A. sp2 and 120° B. sp3 and 109.5° C. sp and 90° D. sp and 180°
(i) Draw the Lewis formula of methanal. (ii) Explain the electron domain geometry around the carbon atom in methanal.
What is the molecular geometry of ClF3? A. Trigonal planar B. Trigonal pyramidal C. Trigonal bipyramidal D. T-shaped
What are the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of the ClF3 molecule? A. Electron domain geometry: octahedral; molecular geometry: trigonal planar B. Electron domain geometry: octahedral; molecular geometry: T-shaped C. Electron domain…
Solid ammonium chloride decomposes when heated to form two gases, ammonia and hydrogen chloride. (i) Write the chemical equation for this decomposition. (ii) Calculate the volume of ammonia produced at STP when an 8.00 g sample of ammonium chloride decomposes.…
Which molecule has a tetrahedral molecular geometry? A. PCl5 B. ClF3 C. SeF4 D. SO2F2
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