Wzorowane na: Chemistry HL Paper 2, May 2025, TZ1, pytanie 6(b). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
Informacja do zadań 6a-6b.
The rate of the reaction between acidified potassium manganate(VII) and sodium ethanedioate,
Both ionic and covalent bonding are present in sodium ethanedioate, .
(i) Describe both types of chemical bonding present in this compound.
Ionic bonding:
Covalent bonding:
(ii) Deduce a Lewis formula of the ethanedioate ion,
(iii) State the geometry of the bonds around each carbon atom in the ethanedioate ion.
(iv) Using section 11 of the data booklet, predict what the carbon-oxygen bond lengths in the ethanedioate ion should be, and justify your prediction.
(i) Ionic bonding: electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions / between cations and anions ✔
Covalent bonding: electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the positively charged nuclei «of the carbon and oxygen atoms» ✔
(ii) «
(iii) trigonal planar ✔
(iv) all four C-O bonds have the same length AND between 122 and 143 «×10 m» / about 125-130 «×10 m» ✔
because of delocalized electrons / resonance «the double bond can be in either position on each carbon; bond order 1.5» ✔
(i) [1] per description; penalize a missing «electrostatic attraction» once only; «transfer of electrons» alone does not describe the ionic bond. (ii) [1] for a formula with all lone pairs and the charge; accept lines, dots or crosses; do not accept a resonance hybrid with dashed bonds. (iii) [1]; accept triangular planar; ECF from an incorrect Lewis formula. (iv) M1: equal lengths within the given range; M2: delocalization or resonance.
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