Solve problems with PV = nRT and the combined gas law P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 in SI units (Pa, m³, K), including finding the molar mass of a gas or volatile liquid from experimental mass, volume, temperature and pressure data.
Tę umiejętność sprawdzają 24 zadania wzorowane na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
(i) The first step is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia gas to nitrogen monoxide. 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) Determine the volume, in dm3, of nitrogen monoxide produced from 20.0 g of ammonia, at STP, using section 2 of the data booklet.…
The student repeated the experiment using Method 2, with the same quantities of acid and solid. (i) Calculate the volume of gas that will have collected in the measuring cylinder once the reaction has finished, measured at T = 22 °C and…
What will be the volume of 4.00 dm3 of gas that has had the pressure decreased from 150 kPa to 50.0 kPa, and its temperature increased from 27.0 °C to 127 °C? A. 16.0 dm3 B. 12.0 dm3 C. 56.4 dm3 D. 1.78 dm3
Iodine crystals, I2(s), were sealed in a flask and left until an equilibrium was reached with violet vapour above the crystals. I2(s) ⇌ I2(g) (i) Name the change of state from I2(s) to I2(g) and state the type of force between…
(i) Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide by nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere. Determine the enthalpy change, ΔH⊖, in kJ mol−1, for the reaction SO2(g) + NO2(g) → SO3(g) + NO(g) given these reactions and enthalpy…
A fixed amount of an ideal gas is kept at constant temperature while its pressure P is changed. Which graph gives a straight line passing through the origin? A. V against P B. 1/V against 1/P C. PV against P D. V against 1/P
The sealed vessel was left for the reaction to proceed. Suggest two properties of the system, other than its colour, that could be measured to follow the progress of the reaction over time, and predict how each would change as the forward reaction proceeds.
A second sample of Z was converted completely into vapour at a known temperature and pressure. (i) 0.148 g of the vapour occupied 63.7 cm3 at 110 °C and a pressure of 1.00 × 105 Pa. Calculate the amount, in mol, of Z in this sample. Use…
A fixed amount of an ideal gas is kept at constant temperature while the volume of its container is decreased by 60 %. How does the pressure of the gas change? pV = nRT A. Pressure decreases by 60 % B. Pressure increases by 60 % C. Pressure increases by 150…
A sample of flue gas has a volume of 2.5 × 10−3 m3 at 150 °C and 1.2 × 105 Pa, and contains 0.20 % SO2 by volume. Using sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet, calculate the amount, in moles, of SO2 present.
An ideal gas is held in a rigid, sealed container at 27 °C, where its pressure is P Pa. The container is then cooled to −3 °C. Which expression best describes the new pressure of the gas? A. Slightly less than P B. Slightly more than P C. One ninth of…
Suggest two reasons why less carbon dioxide is collected in the syringe when a greater mass rests on the piston.
A rigid cylinder of fixed volume contains an ideal gas at 250 K and a pressure of 75 kPa. One third of the gas molecules are released, and the temperature of the remaining gas is raised to 500 K. What pressure, in kPa, does the gas now have? A. 50 B. 100 C.…
(i) Determine the limiting reactant when 2.00 g of this powder reacts. (ii) Determine the volume, in dm3, of carbon dioxide released in the reaction in (i) at SATP. Use sections 1, 2 and 4 of the data booklet. (iii) A student collects 0.190…
At 150.0 °C and a pressure of 1.00 × 105 Pa, the vapour of A has a density of 2.45 × 103 g m−3. Determine the molar mass of A and hence its molecular formula. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.
Which graph shows the correct relationship between the pressure and the temperature in °C of a fixed amount of an ideal gas at constant volume? A. Graph A B. Graph B C. Graph C D. Graph D
The graph shows the boiling points of the straight-chain alkenes with a terminal double bond, from ethene to hex-1-ene. (i) Explain why the boiling point rises from ethene to but-1-ene. (ii) A sample of but-1-ene is warmed from 250 K to 300 K at constant…
A steel cylinder of volume 5.0 dm3 holds 2.0 g of helium at 27 °C. Ar(He) = 4.0; R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1; PV = nRT Which expression gives the pressure of the helium, in Pa? A.…
A sample of 0.296 g of a volatile organic liquid, Y, was vaporized completely at 87.0 °C and 100.0 kPa. The volume of the vapour was 123 cm3. Determine the molar mass of Y.
A gas sample gave the experimental results below. Which expression gives the molar mass of the gas, in g mol−1? Ideal gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1, PV = nRT A. B.…
The pressure p of a fixed mass of an ideal gas was measured at constant temperature for several different volumes V. Which graph shows p plotted against 1/V? A. Graph A B. Graph B C. Graph C D. Graph D
A 0.460 g piece of sodium was placed in 250.0 cm3 of water. (i) Calculate the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution formed. Assume that the volume of the solution is 250.0 cm3. (ii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas…
Which graph represents the relationship between the pressure, P, and the volume, V, of a fixed amount of an ideal gas at constant temperature, according to PV = nRT? A. Graph A B. Graph B C. Graph C D. Graph D
A sample of methylamine gas, volume 120.0 dm3 at 295.0 K and 102.0 kPa, dissolves in water and the solution is made up to 2.50 dm3. Determine the concentration of the solution, in mol dm−3. Use sections 1 and 2 of the…
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