Umiejętności z tego działu sprawdzają 102 zadania wzorowane na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026. Dział pojawia się w 40 z 54 arkuszy w bazie.
Pentane reacts with bromine, Br2, to form 2-bromopentane. (i) Explain, using equations, the initiation step and two propagation steps for this reaction. (ii) 2-Bromopentane reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), to form pentan-2-ol,…
Pentan-2-ol can form by reacting pent-1-ene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3(g) + H2O(l) → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3(aq) ΔH⊖ = −84 kJ mol−1 (i) The first step of the mechanism for the formation of…
The copper(II) ion, Cu2+, forms a variety of coloured complexes. (i) Outline, with a reason, why solutions containing [Cu(H2O)6]2+ ions are blue. Use section 15 of the data booklet. (ii) State the type of bond between the copper(II) ion and…
1-Bromobutane, CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, is used as a solvent and as a building block for other organic compounds. (i) Predict the organic compound produced from 1-bromobutane and hydroxide ions. (ii) Deduce the type of reaction in (i) and give a reason for your…
Reactions of halogenoalkanes with hydroxide ions are an example of nucleophilic substitution. (i) Sketch the mechanism for the reaction of 1-chloropropane with aqueous potassium hydroxide. Use curly arrows to show the movement of electrons. (ii) State the name…
(i) Explain why 1,2-dichloroethene, ClCH=CHCl, has two stereoisomers but 1,1-dichloroethene, CH2=CCl2, does not. (ii) State the hybridization of the carbon atoms in propene, CH3CH=CH2. (iii) Predict the number of signals and the relative…
Outline what type of bond joins a ligand to the nickel ion and how this bond forms.
Benzene reacts with the nitronium ion, NO2+. C6H6 + NO2+ → C6H5NO2 + H+ Which species is the electrophile, and why? In each option the species is given first and the reason second. A. NO2+, accepts an electron pair B. NO2+, donates…
Which species behaves as a Lewis base in the following reaction? Cl− + AlCl3 → AlCl4− A. Cl− B. AlCl3 C. AlCl4− D. Both Cl− and AlCl3
Which statement explains the Lewis acid-base nature of the carbocation in this reaction? C2H5+ + I− → C2H5I A. Lewis base because it accepts a pair of electrons B. Lewis base because it donates a pair of electrons C. Lewis acid because it donates a…
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