Draw and explain the mechanism of benzene reacting with a charged electrophile E+ such as NO2+: attack by the delocalized pi electrons, the positively charged intermediate and loss of H+ to restore the ring, and explain why benzene substitutes rather than adds.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 12 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Benzene reacts with the nitronium ion, NO2+. C6H6 + NO2+ → C6H5NO2 + H+ Which species is the electrophile, and why? In each option the species is given first and the reason second. A. NO2+, accepts an electron pair B. NO2+, donates…
What can react with benzene to produce nitrobenzene? A. NO2 B. NO3− C. NO2+ D. NO+
In the nitration of benzene, the electrophile NO2+ is produced by the reaction of concentrated nitric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid. HNO3 + 2 H2SO4 → NO2+ + H3O+ + 2 HSO4− Which statement describes the role of sulfuric acid in this…
Benzene undergoes nitration when it is warmed with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. Which species attacks the benzene ring in this substitution reaction? A. HNO3 B. NO2• C. NO2− D. NO2+
Which species can act as the electrophile in a substitution reaction with benzene? A. Br− B. Na+ C. OH− D. Br+
Benzene reacts with the electrophile Br+, generated from bromine and iron(III) bromide, by electrophilic substitution. Which structure correctly represents the intermediate formed when Br+ bonds to the ring? A. structure A B. structure B C.…
Benzene reacts with bromine in the presence of iron(III) bromide to form bromobenzene, not an addition product. Which statement best explains this? A. Benzene contains no carbon–carbon double bonds B. The carbon–carbon bonds in benzene are weaker than those in…
In the nitration of benzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, the nitronium ion, NO2+, attacks the benzene ring. What is the role of NO2+ and what type of reaction takes place? A. Nucleophile; nucleophilic…
Heating benzaldehyde with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids nitrates the ring by the same type of reaction as in benzene. The acid mixture generates the electrophile NO2+, and the product is 3-nitrobenzaldehyde. Explain the mechanism of this…
Benzene is converted into nitrobenzene by heating it with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. The attacking species is the electrophile NO2+. Explain the mechanism by which benzene is nitrated by NO2+, showing the movement of…
Benzene reacts with bromine in the presence of an iron(III) bromide catalyst to form bromobenzene. The reaction is an electrophilic substitution in which the electrophile is Br+. (i) Draw the structural formula of the carbocation intermediate formed as…
What are the type of reaction and the role of benzene in the following reaction? C6H6 + Br+ → C6H5Br + H+ A. Type of reaction: substitution; role of benzene: nucleophile B. Type of reaction: substitution; role of benzene: electrophile C. Type of…
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