Zadanie 34
Which species behaves as a Lewis base in the following reaction? Cl− + AlCl3 → AlCl4− A. Cl− B. AlCl3 C. AlCl4− D. Both Cl− and AlCl3
Coordination bonds in Lewis acid-base reactions
Draw Lewis formulas of reactants and products to show the coordination bond formed when a Lewis base donates an electron pair to a Lewis acid, and relate nucleophiles to Lewis bases and electrophiles to Lewis acids.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 11 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
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Zadanie 38
What is the role of the hydroxide ion in the reaction of 2-bromopropane with warm aqueous sodium hydroxide? CH3CHBrCH3 + OH− → CH3CH(OH)CH3 + Br− A. Nucleophile and Lewis acid B. Electrophile and Lewis acid C. Nucleophile and Lewis base D. Electrophile…
Zadanie 37
Which term cannot describe the chloride ion, Cl−? A. Lewis base B. ligand C. Brønsted–Lowry acid D. nucleophile
Zadanie 3d
Boron trifluoride, BF3, reacts with ammonia to form the adduct F3B−NH3, in which a coordination bond joins the boron atom to the nitrogen atom. Deduce whether the boron atom in BF3 acts as a nucleophile or an electrophile, and as a Lewis…
Zadanie 5c
Copper(II) ions can be removed from waste water by chelation. A possible ligand is the nitrilotriacetate anion, shown. Identify the atoms in the ligand that form coordination bonds with a copper(II) ion when it forms a complex ion.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 37
Boron trifluoride reacts with ammonia to form an adduct. BF3 + NH3 → H3N−BF3 Which terms describe boron trifluoride in this reaction? A. Electrophile and Lewis base B. Nucleophile and Lewis acid C. Nucleophile and Lewis base D. Electrophile and Lewis…
Zadanie 5d
In the gas phase, some AlCl3 molecules join in pairs to form this dimer: (i) Identify the hybridization of the aluminium atom in the dimer, Al2Cl6. (ii) Describe, in terms of Lewis acids and bases, how two AlCl3 molecules bond together to…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5d
In the gas phase some aluminium chloride exists as the dimer Al2Cl6, the structure of which is shown below. (i) Identify the hybridization of the aluminium atom in the dimer, Al2Cl6. (ii) Describe, in terms of Lewis acid–base behaviour, the…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4d
Aluminium salts form acidic solutions owing to equilibria such as: Al3+(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ Al(OH)2+(aq) + H+(aq) Comment on the role of Al3+ in forming the Al(OH)2+ ion, in acid-base terms.
Zadanie 26
Boron trifluoride reacts with ammonia as shown. BF3 + NH3 → F3B−NH3 Which statement is correct? A. NH3 is a Lewis acid because it donates a pair of electrons B. BF3 is a Lewis base because it donates a pair of electrons C. NH3 is a…
Zadanie 35
What are the type of reaction and the role of benzene in the following reaction? C6H6 + Br+ → C6H5Br + H+ A. Type of reaction: substitution; role of benzene: nucleophile B. Type of reaction: substitution; role of benzene: electrophile C. Type of…