Write equations for halogenoalkanes reacting with nucleophiles such as hydroxide ions, describe how the nucleophile donates an electron pair to form a new bond while the carbon-halogen bond breaks to release the leaving group, and show the electron-pair movement with curly arrows.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 11 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
1-Bromobutane, CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, is used as a solvent and as a building block for other organic compounds. (i) Predict the organic compound produced from 1-bromobutane and hydroxide ions. (ii) Deduce the type of reaction in (i) and give a reason for your…
Reactions of halogenoalkanes with hydroxide ions are an example of nucleophilic substitution. (i) Sketch the mechanism for the reaction of 1-chloropropane with aqueous potassium hydroxide. Use curly arrows to show the movement of electrons. (ii) State the name…
Which of these reactions are nucleophilic substitutions? I. OH− + CH3CH2CH2Cl → CH3CH=CH2 + H2O + Cl− II. I− + CH3CH2Br → CH3CH2I + Br− III. CH3O− + CH3CH2Cl → CH3CH2OCH3 + Cl− A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I,…
Cyanide ions react with bromoethane, CH3CH2Br. (i) Draw the full structural formula of the organic product of this reaction. (ii) Predict which mechanism, SN1 or SN2, operates in this reaction, and give a reason for your choice.…
1-Bromobutane reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form butan-1-ol. Which statement about this reaction is correct? A. A carbocation intermediate is formed. B. The hydroxide ion attacks the bromine atom. C. The C−Br bond breaks before the nucleophile…
1-Bromopropane reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give propan-1-ol. (i) Identify the type of mechanism for this reaction. (ii) Explain the mechanism, using curly arrows to show the movement of electron pairs.
1-Bromopropane can be converted into propan-1-ol. Identify a suitable reagent and the conditions needed for this conversion.
(i) Identify the type of reaction that takes place in step 1. (ii) Sketch the mechanism of the reaction in step 1, using curly arrows to show the movement of electron pairs. (iii) Identify the products formed from the reaction of propan-1-ol and propanoic acid…
Bromoethane can be converted into ethanol: CH3CH2Br + HO− → CH3CH2OH + Br− (i) Identify the type of reaction. (ii) Outline what must be true of a collision between reacting particles for a reaction to occur. (iii) Explain the mechanism of this…
Compound P can be synthesized by reacting 4,6-dichloroquinazoline with another reactant, B. (i) Deduce the structure of B. (ii) The reaction can be catalysed by copper(I) iodide, CuI. State the ground-state electron configuration of the Cu+ ion.…
2-Bromopentane also reacts with cyanide ions, CN−, by the same mechanism as the one identified in (b). Explain this mechanism using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.
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