Deduce the order with respect to each reactant and the rate equation from initial-rate data by comparing experiments in which one concentration changes, and explain why rate equations follow from the mechanism and must be found experimentally.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 18 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Nitrogen monoxide reacts with chlorine in the atmosphere: 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 NOCl(g) The rate equation was determined experimentally as Rate = k[NO]2[Cl2]. (i) A student proposed the following mechanism and suggested that Step 1 was the…
Deduce the rate equation for the reaction.
Deduce the order of reaction with respect to NO and with respect to Cl2, and write the rate equation.
Cyanide ions react with bromoethane, CH3CH2Br. (i) Draw the full structural formula of the organic product of this reaction. (ii) Predict which mechanism, SN1 or SN2, operates in this reaction, and give a reason for your choice.…
(i) State the products of the overall reaction. (ii) Sketch the energy profile for this reaction on the axes below. Label the reactants, the products, the transition states and the intermediate. (iii) Deduce the rate equation for the overall reaction.
The rate of the reaction between propanone and iodine in acidic solution was measured at a fixed concentration of the acid catalyst. CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) → CH3COCH2I(aq) + HI(aq) What is the overall reaction order? A. Zero order B. First order C.…
The following mechanism has been proposed for the reaction between nitrogen(II) oxide and hydrogen. 2 NO(g) ⇌ N2O2(g) fast N2O2(g) + H2(g) → N2O(g) + H2O(g) slow Which rate equation is consistent with this mechanism? A.…
The reaction takes place on the surface of a nickel catalyst. The following mechanism is proposed, in which Ni-C represents carbon atoms bonded to the nickel surface: CH4 + Ni → Ni−C + 2 H2 (slow) Ni−C + CO2 → Ni−CO + CO (fast)…
The reaction between nitrogen monoxide and chlorine gives the following rate data at a certain temperature. 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 NOCl(g) What is the overall order of the reaction? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
A reaction proceeds by the following mechanism. Step 1: NO2 + NO2 → NO3 + NO (slow) Step 2: NO3 + CO → NO2 + CO2 (fast) Which statement is correct about the reaction? A. The overall equation for the reaction is 2 NO2 → NO3 + NO B.…
Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is one of the brown pollutant gases in photochemical smog. It can react with carbon monoxide, which is also present in polluted air. NO2(g) + CO(g) → NO(g) + CO2(g) (i) Suggest how the rate of this reaction could be…
The initial rate of the iodination of propanone in aqueous acid was measured at constant temperature. CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) → CH3COCH2I(aq) + HI(aq) Four experiments were carried out and the results are given in the table. Deduce the overall rate…
The reaction between nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, NO2 + CO → NO + CO2, is proposed to take place by the following mechanism. Step 1 (slow): 2 NO2 → NO3 + NO Step 2 (fast): NO3 + CO → NO2 + CO2 What is the order of reaction with…
Which proposed mechanism for the following reaction is consistent with the rate equation? H2(g) + 2 ICl(g) → I2(g) + 2 HCl(g) rate = k[H2][ICl] A. One step: H2 + 2 ICl → I2 + 2 HCl B. Step 1 (slow): H2 + ICl → HI + HCl;…
The reaction between nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide was studied at 600 K. NO2(g) + CO(g) → NO(g) + CO2(g) The following experimental data were obtained. (i) Deduce the order of reaction with respect to nitrogen dioxide. (ii) Deduce the rate…
The table shows initial rate data for the hydrolysis of a tertiary halogenoalkane, RBr, with aqueous sodium hydroxide at constant temperature. Which statements are correct? I. The reaction is first order with respect to hydroxide ions. II. The reaction is…
This reaction could proceed through either an SN1 or an SN2 mechanism, depending on the reaction conditions. Sketch a graph of the rate against the nucleophile concentration, [OH−], for each of the mechanisms on the axes…
The following data were obtained at constant temperature for the reaction 2 NO(g) + Br2(g) → 2 NOBr(g). What rate equation can be deduced from the data? A. Rate = k[NO][Br2] B. Rate = k[NO]2[Br2] C.…
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