Wzorowane na: Chemistry SL Paper 1B, May 2025, TZ3, pytanie 1(e). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
Informacja do zadań 1a-1e.
Nitrogen dioxide,
The amount of prepared was checked by titration. The gas was first absorbed in water:
The resulting solution was made up to 200.0 in a volumetric flask, and 20.0 portions were titrated with a 0.0400
(i) State the most accurate piece of equipment for:
transferring a 20.0 portion of the solution for titration;
adding the solution during the titration.
(ii) Draw a table suitable for recording the raw results of this titration. Put the quantities to be recorded, with their units and any other information a reader needs, in the header row(s) or column(s), and leave the data cells empty.
(iii) The burette used to deliver the sodium hydroxide solution had an uncertainty of ± 0.05 . The mean titre was 29.95 . Determine the percentage uncertainty in the titre.
(iv) The equilibrium experiment of 1d was repeated at three further temperatures. The values of obtained are given below. Calculate the temperatures in kelvin, K, and complete the table.
| T / °C | T / K | K |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | value from 1d | |
| 30.0 | 4.63 | |
| 60.0 | ||
| 90.0 |
(v) Deduce whether the values of in (iv) are consistent with the enthalpy change given for the forward reaction.
(i) Transferring 20.0 of the solution: «volumetric/graduated» pipette/pipet ✔
AND
Adding the solution: burette/buret ✔
(ii) table with a row (or column) for each of at least three trials ✔
headings for the initial and final burette readings AND for the titre/volume of added, each with the unit ✔
For example:
| Trial | Initial burette reading / (± 0.05) | Final burette reading / (± 0.05) | Volume of added / |
|---|
(iii) «the titre is the difference of two burette readings, so its uncertainty is ;
(iv) 283.2, 303.2, 333.2, 363.2 ✔
(v) yes AND decreases as the temperature rises, as expected for an exothermic forward reaction ✔
(i) [1] Both required: a «volumetric/graduated» pipette for the fixed 20.0 cm3 portion, and a burette for the variable NaOH volume; either one alone does not score. (ii) M1: space for at least three trials (a rough titration may be included). M2: separate columns (or rows) for the initial and final burette readings and for the titre, with cm3 units; a single 'volume of NaOH' heading without the two readings does not earn M2. Any orientation and extra headings are acceptable; uncertainties are not required. (iii) [1] for 0.33 % (accept 0.3 %); 0.17 %, from using ± 0.05 cm3 once, does not score. (iv) [1] for all four values: 283.2, 303.2, 333.2, 363.2 (accept 283, 303, 333, 363, or values obtained by adding 273.15). (v) [1] for 'yes' supported by the observation that K falls as T rises, which is what an exothermic forward reaction predicts; 'yes' alone does not score.
A titre is the difference between two burette readings, so its absolute uncertainty is twice that of a single reading.
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