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F. AN IMPORTANT PLACE SEEN ON ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE

THE WHITE CLIFFS OF DOVER

4.1.

The White Cliffs of Dover are a British icon. They reach 110 metres above sea level. The cliffs are made of chalk, and they developed gradually over millions of years. When algae – tiny organisms which lived in the sea – died, they went to the bottom. Together with microscopic bodies of other creatures, they built layers of chalk which slowly grew into cliffs. There is no doubt that the place, with its wonderful natural history, needs special long-term protection.

4.2.

To many people, the White Cliffs are a symbol of home, hope and freedom. To Britain they represent what the Statue of Liberty means to the US. They have welcomed and said goodbye to thousands of people crossing the English Channel for many centuries. Standing tall as guardians of the island, the White Cliffs have seen many dramatic moments in history.

4.3.

During World War II, the White Cliffs were the first place in England which British, French and Belgian soldiers saw when they were evacuated from the beaches of Dunkirk in France. This event, known as The Miracle of Dunkirk, took place in 1940. Navy ships and private boats transported groups of soldiers to safety, and so helped them escape death. It was a critical moment during World War II.

4.4.

Nowadays, thousands of tourists come to the White Cliffs every year to enjoy their beauty. Many of them also take a walk along the cliffs to the South Foreland Lighthouse which offers amazing views. It is not in use any more, but when it was built in 1843, it was the first lighthouse which used electric light. It was also the place where Faraday worked on electricity and the place from which Marconi carried out his radio transmissions in 1898.