Explain how energy from ATP enables specific particles to move against their concentration gradient.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 7 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2025.
A eukaryotic cell depends on membranes to organize reactions, exchange materials and respond to signals. (a) Discuss the benefits of membrane-bound compartments. (b) Describe mechanisms that move materials across the cell boundary. (c) Explain how axon…
A membrane protein hydrolyses ATP while transporting calcium from low concentration to high concentration. What type of protein is it? A. An adhesion glycoprotein B. A water channel C. An active-transport pump D. A passive calcium pore
The model labels one embedded molecule M. Explain how molecules of this type function in sodium–potassium pumps.
A cell uses both facilitated diffusion and active transport. What feature can these processes share? A. Direct passage of every solute through the lipid core B. An obligatory release of oxygen C. Movement through integral membrane transport proteins D. A…
(a) Describe protein structure, distinguishing shared features from features that can vary. (b) Explain how proteins enable substances to move across cell membranes.
A plant grows in saline soil. Which adaptation could help maintain water uptake while limiting salt damage to cytoplasmic enzymes? A. Transporting absorbed ions into vacuoles, lowering cellular solute potential while keeping cytoplasmic ion levels controlled…
Membrane transport and kidney function contribute to water and solute balance. (a) Outline four different ways substances cross the plasma membrane, giving an example for each. (b) Explain how kidney regions contribute to water balance and excretion of…
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