Zadanie 10, Paper 2, listopad 2025, TZ3, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, November 2025, TZ3, pytanie 10. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
Genetic information helps explain early life and guide present-day conservation.
(a) Describe RNA structure and evidence supporting an RNA-first stage of early life.
(b) Describe uses of DNA-sequence analysis in biodiversity conservation.
(c) Explain causes and long-term consequences of changes in DNA base sequence within a species.
One additional mark is available for clear, concise construction of the complete response.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(a) Maximum 5:
RNA is usually single-stranded. ✔
It is a chain of nucleotides. ✔
Its nucleotides contain ribose, phosphate and a nitrogenous base. ✔
Phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides OR the backbone alternates ribose and phosphate. ✔
RNA can be copied. ✔
Some RNA molecules catalyse reactions, allowing possible informational and catalytic roles. ✔
Ribosomal RNA catalyses peptide-bond formation OR ribosomes retain catalytic RNA. ✔
RNA genomes in some viruses show that RNA can store hereditary information. ✔
(b) Maximum 3:
PCR can amplify DNA for analysis. ✔
Sequence-based relationships can help prioritize evolutionarily distinct endangered species. ✔
DNA barcoding or environmental DNA can identify species or rapidly survey biodiversity. ✔
Genetic profiles help identify organisms. ✔
Identification supports an application such as tracking endangered populations, detecting invasive species, captive breeding, reintroduction or investigating wildlife trade. ✔
Seed or tissue banks preserve living material OR maintain seed viability OR support later propagation or reintroduction OR preserve genetic material of endangered species OR enable study of climate-change effects. ✔
(c) Maximum 7:
Mutation is a change in DNA base sequence. ✔
Examples include substitutions, insertions, deletions, frameshifts or SNPs. ✔
Mutagens OR DNA-copying or repair errors can cause mutations. ✔
Some mutations change protein amino-acid sequences. ✔
Some effects are harmful or neutral. ✔
Some mutations provide beneficial effects. ✔
Random mutation creates new alleles. ✔
Heritable advantageous alleles can pass to offspring. ✔
Their frequency may increase OR new alleles add genetic variation. ✔
Natural selection can favour the advantageous variants. ✔
Accumulated heritable changes permit evolution OR can contribute to speciation. ✔
Construction:1 mark for clear, concise organization of the complete response, without substantial repetition or irrelevant material.
Schemat punktowania
Award distinct points up to the individual part caps 5,3,7; maximum15 content marks plus1 independent construction mark, total16.
Umiejętności w zadaniu
- Inheritance as a requirement for selection responseĆwicz podobne
- Setting conservation priorities with EDGEĆwicz podobne
- Building an RNA strandĆwicz podobne
- Recognizing molecular changes in genesĆwicz podobne
- The RNA-first hypothesisĆwicz podobne
- Sources of mutational changeĆwicz podobne
- Combining conservation approachesĆwicz podobne
- Effects of single-base substitutionsĆwicz podobne
- Mutation supplying new genetic variationĆwicz podobne
- Detecting species through environmental DNAĆwicz podobne