Zadanie 10, Paper 2, maj 2025, TZ1, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, May 2025, TZ1, pytanie 10. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
The activity of a complex organism depends on coordination between structures at several levels.
(a) Outline how organelles cooperate in the synthesis and export of a secreted protein.
(b) Describe the coordinated muscle actions that cause inhalation.
(c) Explain how blood cells cooperate to generate adaptive immunity.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(a)
Specialised organelles perform coordinated parts of the secretion pathway. ✔
The nucleus produces an mRNA copy of the gene. ✔
Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptide. ✔
Ribosomes associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum make proteins entering the secretory pathway. ✔
Transport vesicles move these proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. ✔
The Golgi modifies, sorts or packages proteins for export. ✔
Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing the proteins by exocytosis. ✔
(b)
External intercostal muscles contract while internal intercostals do not oppose inspiration. ✔
Ribs move upwards or outwards. ✔
The diaphragm contracts, flattens or moves downwards. ✔
Abdominal muscles relax rather than forcing expiration. ✔
Thoracic volume increases. ✔
Pressure inside the lungs falls below atmospheric pressure, so air enters. ✔
(c)
Adaptive responses recognise specific antigens. ✔
Phagocytic antigen-presenting cells engulf pathogens and display processed antigen at their surface. ✔
Matching helper T cells recognise the presented antigen and become activated. ✔
Helper T cells provide activation signals to appropriate antigen-specific B cells. ✔
Activated B cells divide to expand their clone. ✔
Differentiated plasma cells secrete antibodies; antibodies have antigen specificity. ✔
Antibodies help neutralise, aggregate or mark pathogens for removal, or activate other appropriate clearance mechanisms. ✔
Some activated lymphocytes differentiate into memory cells. ✔
Memory cells provide a faster response to a later encounter with the same antigen. ✔
Quality of communication: the complete response is understandable on first reading, focused and sufficiently concise, without substantial repetition or irrelevant material. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part (a): award any 4 listed valid points, maximum 4 marks. Part (b): award any 4 listed valid points, maximum 4 marks. Part (c): award any 7 listed valid points, maximum 7 marks. Award 1 additional mark for clarity of communication across the whole response. Maximum 16 marks.