Umiejętności z tego działu sprawdza 19 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026. Dział pojawia się w 17 z 54 arkuszy w bazie.
A pancreatic secretory cell contains the structures labelled Y in the schematic. (i) Distinguish between Y and the corresponding structures inside a mitochondrion. (ii) State one other organelle involved in exporting the proteins produced at Y.
Describe advantages that internal membrane compartments provide to a eukaryotic cell.
A membrane invagination develops a clathrin coat before becoming an intracellular vesicle. What is the role of this protein? A. It supplies a scaffold that helps the membrane curve into a budding vesicle B. It hydrolyses the vesicle cargo in an acidic lumen C.…
A mutation prevents clathrin from assembling at the cytoplasmic surface of a membrane. Which process is most directly affected? A. Pairing of bases during chromosome replication B. Translation of mitochondrial genes C. Budding of coated transport vesicles D.…
A pancreatic beta cell makes a polypeptide destined for insulin secretion. Where is the chain synthesized, and which bonds connect its amino acids? A. On Golgi membranes; ester bonds B. On ribosomes attached to rough ER; peptide bonds C. In lysosomes; hydrogen…
Explain why introducing the mRNA does not immediately alter water movement.
State the precise mitochondrial location of ATP synthase.
A eukaryotic cell depends on membranes to organize reactions, exchange materials and respond to signals. (a) Discuss the benefits of membrane-bound compartments. (b) Describe mechanisms that move materials across the cell boundary. (c) Explain how axon…
The activity of a complex organism depends on coordination between structures at several levels. (a) Outline how organelles cooperate in the synthesis and export of a secreted protein. (b) Describe the coordinated muscle actions that cause inhalation. (c)…
The diagram represents a chloroplast. Which labelled location contains the enzymes of the Calvin cycle? A. Location C B. Location D C. Location B D. Location A
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