Zadanie 8, Paper 2, maj 2026, TZ2, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, May 2026, TZ2, pytanie 8. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
Sexual life cycles can produce new combinations of inherited traits.
(a) Draw and label a section of an insect-pollinated flower, indicating the structures associated with male and female gamete production.
(b) Explain the sources of variation arising through sexual reproduction.
(c) Compare and contrast speciation within one geographical area and speciation following geographical separation.
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Pokaż rozwiązanieUkryj rozwiązanieKlucz i punktacja
Odpowiedź z klucza
(a) Anthers are correctly positioned and identified with male gamete production in pollen. ✔
Ovules OR an ovary are correctly shown and identified with female gamete production. ✔
Both stigma and style are correctly drawn and labelled. ✔
Filaments are correctly drawn and labelled. ✔
Petals or sepals are correctly drawn and labelled. ✔
(b) Meiosis generates genetic variation. ✔
Gamete formation involves meiosis. ✔
Random orientation of homologous pairs produces independent assortment. ✔
Alleles segregate so each gamete receives one member of an allele pair. ✔
Crossing over occurs during meiotic prophase I. ✔
It creates new arrangements of linked alleles on chromosomes. ✔
Fertilization brings gametes together randomly. ✔
Their fusion creates new parental allele combinations, OR offspring receive half their chromosomes/genetic information from each parent. ✔
Cross-breeding increases variation. ✔
It combines gametes from genetically different parents. ✔
Self-incompatibility mechanisms promote such outcrossing. ✔
(c) Both processes can split an existing lineage into new species. ✔
Both involve reproductive isolation. ✔
Different selective pressures can drive divergence in either setting. ✔
Allopatric speciation begins with a geographical separation. ✔
Sympatric speciation occurs without such a barrier. ✔
Behavioural or reproductive-timing differences can provide sympatric isolation. ✔
Schemat punktowania
(a) Award any 4 diagram points, maximum 4; labels alone without the corresponding drawing do not suffice, and the two gamete-production functions must be stated if those points are used. (b) Award any 7 points, maximum 7. (c) Award any 4 points, maximum 4. Quality: award 1 additional mark for an overall response across all parts that is readily understandable, concise and largely free of repetition and irrelevant material. Assess this separately from content. Maximum 16 marks overall.