Zadanie 1h, Paper 2, maj 2026, TZ2, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, May 2026, TZ2, pytanie 1(h). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Wspólne informacje do wiązki zadań
The following are hypothetical datasets for examining changes in stomatal density. A fossil sequence spans two intervals, P followed by Q. Independent model estimates suggest atmospheric CO₂ rose substantially and global mean temperature increased by about 3 °C near this transition. Larger layer numbers indicate later deposition.
| Interval | Rock layer | Mean stomatal density / stomata mm⁻² ± SE |
|---|---|---|
| P | 7 | 116.0 ± 5.1 |
| P | 10 | 55.0 ± 3.8 |
| P | 13 | 34.0 ± 2.3 |
| P | 16 | 22.0 ± 1.8 |
| Q | 17 | 99.0 ± 6.2 |
| Q | 23 | 80.0 ± 2.9 |
A separate field model samples one shrub species across sites differing in climate. Bars show standard errors.
A growth-chamber model tests whether elevated CO₂ reduces leaf stomatal density. Cultivated and wild grasses are grown at 430 ppm and 850 ppm CO₂. Each plotted point pairs the two densities for one plant type and leaf surface; the diagonal represents equal values.
Polecenie
Predict how stomatal density may respond to rising atmospheric CO₂ and temperature, using evidence from any of the supplied datasets.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
Different species may adapt or evolve towards different stomatal densities rather than all responding alike. ✔
For CO₂ increase, the fossil decline in late P supports a lower-density prediction; alternatively the rebound in Q or mixed Q trend qualifies that inference. ✔
For CO₂ increase, the growth model supports a reduction in wild grasses or little consistent change in cultivated grasses. ✔
For warming, the shrub field data support a higher-density prediction. ✔
For warming, the fossil sequence can instead support a decrease in late P or a mixed response across the transition. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Award any 4 listed evidence-linked points; maximum 4. Treat alternatives within each fossil/CO₂/temperature category as one point. Predictions must name the relevant dataset or group. Credit adaptive change only if adaptation/evolution is explicit.