Distinguish analogous structures from homologous ones and explain similarities produced by convergent evolution.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 9 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2023–2026.
The streamlined bodies of a shark and a dolphin evolved in separate vertebrate lineages. Which interpretation is correct? A. A similar aquatic demand has favoured convergent evolution of an analogous overall form B. The dolphin descended directly from the…
Penguins are birds and seals are mammals. Both swim using flattened forelimbs with corresponding humerus, radius and ulna bones. Which evolutionary interpretation best explains these observations? A. The swimming specialisations are homologous because the…
Which observation would support calling two structures analogous? A. They perform similar roles but their specialised forms arose independently B. They occur only in members of one species C. They have identical DNA sequences at every locus D. They differ in…
A shark and an ichthyosaur independently evolved streamlined bodies from ancestors with different body forms. Which interpretation best describes this similarity? A. Artificial selection producing homologous wings B. Divergent evolution producing homologous…
Organisms show a variety of structural and physiological adaptations. (a) Explain the evolution of analogous structures. (b) Describe typical adaptations of plants in hot deserts. (c) Suggest adaptations that enable herbivores to obtain or digest plant food.…
Distantly related aquatic vertebrates independently evolve a streamlined body shape. Which process accounts for these analogous features? A. Random conversion of all acquired traits into inherited alleles B. Convergent evolution under similar functional…
Two distantly related mammal lineages have independently evolved defensive spines from hairs. Which explanation is consistent with their separate origins? A. The spines must have been inherited unchanged from their most recent common ancestor B. The two…
The flight surfaces of birds contain a bony forelimb framework, whereas those of butterflies are extensions of the exoskeleton. How should their adaptations for powered flight be compared? A. They are the same inherited wing structure because both can fly B.…
The flight surfaces of birds contain a bony forelimb framework, whereas those of butterflies are extensions of the exoskeleton. How should their adaptations for powered flight be compared? A. They are the same inherited wing structure because both can fly B.…
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