Zadanie 6, Paper 2, listopad 2023, TZ2, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, November 2023, TZ2, pytanie 6. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
(a) Outline how plants use atmospheric carbon to make triglyceride oils.
(b) Explain why glucose dissolves readily in water whereas triglyceride oils do not.
(c) Explain how glucose availability in human tissues is regulated.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(a)
Photosynthesis incorporates carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ✔
It produces glucose or other organic carbon compounds. ✔
Carbon from these compounds is used to synthesize fatty acids or lipids. ✔
A triglyceride contains three fatty acids linked to one glycerol. ✔
The links form by condensation reactions. ✔
A fatty-acid carboxyl group links to a glycerol hydroxyl group. ✔
Plant oils commonly contain unsaturated fatty-acid chains. ✔
(b)
Glucose is hydrophilic. ✔
Oils are hydrophobic. ✔
Glucose is polar whereas the hydrocarbon regions of oils are non-polar. ✔
Glucose can hydrogen-bond with water whereas oils do not form an extensive equivalent network. ✔
Oil molecules associate more favourably with each other than with water. ✔
Water is polar and attracts other polar substances. ✔
(c)
Pancreatic cells monitor blood glucose OR the pancreas secretes both insulin and glucagon. ✔
Alpha cells secrete glucagon. ✔
Glucagon secretion increases when blood glucose is low. ✔
Beta cells secrete insulin. ✔
Insulin secretion increases when blood glucose is high. ✔
Glucagon raises blood glucose. ✔
Glycogen is converted to glucose. Liver glycogen can supply blood glucose; muscle glycogen supports local metabolism. ✔
Insulin lowers blood glucose. ✔
Insulin promotes glucose uptake into cells, including muscle or liver. ✔
Insulin promotes glucose use in cellular respiration. ✔
Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis from glucose. ✔
Low blood glucose can stimulate hunger OR food intake supplies glucose. ✔
Negative feedback regulates blood glucose. ✔
Quality of communication: Clear on first reading, concise and without unnecessary repetition or irrelevant material. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part(a): award any 4 listed points, maximum 4. Part(b): award any 4 listed points, maximum 4. Part(c): award any 7 listed points, maximum 7. Award 1 independent communication mark across the retained response. Maximum 16. Annotated diagrams and scientifically equivalent wording may earn corresponding points.