Zadanie 6, Paper 2, maj 2026, TZ2, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, May 2026, TZ2, pytanie 6. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
Common cellular features coexist with the diversity produced by evolution.
(a) Describe the roles of components shared across cellular organisms.
(b) Discuss how separate populations can become distinct species.
(c) Outline key features of the genetic code.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(a) The plasma membrane regulates entry and exit. ✔
Cytoplasm is the site of metabolic reactions, OR contains enzymes that catalyse reactions. ✔
Ribosomes synthesize polypeptides. ✔
Cytoskeletal elements support shape OR contribute to internal transport. ✔
DNA carries hereditary information OR RNA participates in gene expression/protein synthesis. ✔
(b) The formation of new species is speciation. ✔
Populations may become geographically separated. ✔
Reproductive isolation develops. ✔
Gene flow between them stops. ✔
Random mutations introduce variation. ✔
Different environments impose different selection pressures. ✔
Natural selection changes the populations. ✔
Their inherited traits or alleles diverge. ✔
Divergence commonly accumulates across many generations. ✔
Such heritable population change is evolution. ✔
Populations become separate species when they cannot produce fertile offspring together, OR a biological species is a group capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. ✔
(c) Codons contain three bases. ✔
Most codons specify an amino acid. ✔
There are 64 possible triplets for 20 common amino acids. ✔
Stop codons do not specify amino acids; accept UAA, UAG or UGA as an example. ✔
The code is degenerate: several codons may specify one amino acid. ✔
It is nearly universal across organisms. ✔
This shared code supports common ancestry. ✔
Schemat punktowania
(a) Award any 4 component–role points, maximum 4; cap at 3 if a non-universal structure such as nucleus, mitochondrion or cell wall is claimed universal. (b) Award any 7 points, maximum 7; accept valid examples. (c) Award any 4 points, maximum 4. Award 1 additional quality mark for a clear, concise overall response with little irrelevant repetition; judge it independently of content. Maximum 16 overall.