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How does feeding by a woodlouse on leaf litter differ from saprotrophic feeding by a fungus? A. The woodlouse ingests material before digestion; the fungus digests externally before absorbing products B. Both must fix atmospheric carbon using light C. The…
A sealed illuminated model ecosystem contains a small plant and initially adequate water, air and mineral ions. Decomposers are excluded, while dead plant material accumulates over a long period. Which limitation would eventually result from the missing…
Which process directly fixes dissolved inorganic carbon into organic matter and can contribute to a net ocean carbon sink when it exceeds respiratory release? A. Respiration by fish B. Photosynthesis by phytoplankton C. Oxidation of dead organic matter D.…
A constructed survey finds that pale moths become more frequent after soot deposits on tree bark decline. Which explanation is consistent with natural selection? A. Every dark moth changes its inherited colour in response to cleaner air B. Pale moths become…
In a hypothetical island survey, two seed-eating bird populations are recorded alongside an insect-eating population. Which explanation could account for the restricted distribution of the thick-beaked population? Population | Island P | Island Q | Island R |…
A short protein segment is compared across five hypothetical vertebrate species. Which statement is supported by the sequences? Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 Species P | A | G | K | L | S | T | V | E Species Q | A | G | K | L | S | T | V | E Species…
Which processes can make pathogen control more difficult? I. Selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. II. Genetic changes producing new pathogen variants. III. Antibiotics acting as an effective treatment against every virus. A. I and II B. II and III C. I…
A model dataset tracks a marker of lung surfactant during fetal development. Using the graph, what difficulty could occur in a baby born at 30 weeks rather than at full term? A. Alveolar surfaces may adhere, making inflation more difficult B. Alveoli become…
Body temperature varies within a regulated range, as in this model recording. Which hormone can influence temperature by altering metabolic heat production? A. Glucagon as the principal timing signal for sleep B. Thyroxin C. Leptin as the direct trigger of…
Which labelled organ normally secretes the hormone used to stimulate development of multiple ovarian follicles during IVF treatment? A. R B. S C. T D. U