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A northern-hemisphere carbon-dioxide record has a seasonal rise during winter. Which change can help explain that rise? A. Less combustion everywhere B. Reduced photosynthetic uptake by vegetation C. Complete cessation of microbial respiration D. Greater…
Arrows in this food web point from food to consumer. How many animal species feed exclusively as primary consumers in the web shown? A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3
Why are Endler’s controlled studies of guppy colour patterns useful evidence for natural selection? A. They show that changing predation pressure can alter which inherited male colour patterns become common B. They show that every guppy acquires the colour it…
Which statement correctly distinguishes two sources of heritable variation? A. Mutation can generate new alleles, whereas sexual reproduction reshuffles alleles into new combinations B. Fertilisation prevents offspring from differing genetically C. Meiosis…
Which action is consistent with rewilding a damaged river catchment? A. Removing all native predators B. Reintroducing a native keystone species to restore ecological processes C. Maintaining every habitat as a small isolated enclosure D. Replacing native…
Following nutrient enrichment, a lake experiences a dense algal bloom that later dies. What most directly drives the subsequent fall in dissolved oxygen? A. Aerobic microbes consume oxygen while decomposing the dead biomass B. Photosynthesis stops producing…
Which consequence of warming creates a reinforcing climate feedback? A. Ice loss exposes darker surfaces that absorb more sunlight B. Ice loss makes every surface more reflective C. Thawing permafrost permanently traps all methane D. Ocean warming always halts…
Which change would reduce long-term carbon storage by a wetland ecosystem? A. Rewetting drained peat B. Draining peat and clearing its vegetation C. Protecting the wetland from burning D. Restoring native peat-forming vegetation
Which feature of a cold-water seal most directly reduces heat loss to highly thermally conductive water? A. A streamlined outline B. A thick insulating blubber layer C. Large canine teeth D. A sensitive whisker
A cytogenetics laboratory prepares a karyogram from a mammalian cell. Describe how the karyogram is constructed.